Downregulation of p-COUMAROYL ESTER 3-HYDROXYLASE in rice leads to altered cell wall structures and improves biomass saccharification

Takeda, Yuri; Tobimatsu, Yuki; Karlen, Steven D.; Koshiba, Taichi; Suzuki, Shiro; Yamamura, Masaomi; Murakami, Shinya; Mukai, Mai; Hattori, Takefumi; Osakabe, Keishi; Ralph, John; Sakamoto, Masahiro; Umezawa, Toshiaki

doi:10.1111/tpj.13988

Downregulation of p-COUMAROYL ESTER 3-HYDROXYLASE in rice leads to altered cell wall structures and improves biomass saccharification

Journal Article · Mon Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · The Plant Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13988· OSTI ID:1459572

Takeda, Yuri ^[1]; ^[2]; Karlen, Steven D. ^[3]; Koshiba, Taichi ^[2]; Suzuki, Shiro ^[2]; Yamamura, Masaomi ^[2]; Murakami, Shinya ^[2]; Mukai, Mai ^[2]; Hattori, Takefumi ^[2]; Osakabe, Keishi ^[4]; Ralph, John ^[3]; Sakamoto, Masahiro ^[5]; Umezawa, Toshiaki ^[6]

Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Sustainable Humanosphere; Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University
Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Sustainable Humanosphere
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States)
Tokushima Univ., Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima (Japan). Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry
Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Graduate School of Agriculture
Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Sustainable Humanosphere; Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Research Unit for Development of Global Sustainability

p-Coumaroyl ester 3-hydroxylase (C3'H) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, a phenylpropanoid polymer that is the major constituent in vascular plants’ secondary cell walls. Although the crucial role of C3'H in lignification and its manipulation to upgrade lignocellulose have been investigated in eudicots, limited information is available in monocotyledonous grass species despite their potential as biomass feedstocks. Here in this paper we address the pronounced impacts of C3'H-deficiency on the structure and properties of grass cell walls. C3'H-knockdown lines generated via RNAi-mediated gene silencing, with ~0.5% of residual expression levels, reached maturity and set seeds, whereas, in contrast, C3'H-knockout rice mutants generated via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis were severely dwarfed and sterile. Cell wall analysis of the mature C3'H-knockdown RNAi lines revealed that their lignins were largely enriched in p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units while substantially reduced in the normally dominant guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units. Interestingly, however, the enrichment of H units was limited to being within the non-acylated lignin units, with grass-specific γ-p-coumaroylated lignin units remaining apparently unchanged. Suppression of C3'H also resulted in relative augmentation in tricin residues in lignin as well as substantial reduction in wall cross-linking ferulates. Collectively, our data demonstrate that C3'H expression is an important determinant, not only of lignin content and composition, but also of the degree of cell wall cross-linking. We also demonstrated that C3'H-suppressed rice displays enhanced biomass saccharification.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Japan International Cooperation Agency; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan; New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-07ER64494; SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 1459572

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1459711

Journal Information:: The Plant Journal, Journal Name: The Plant Journal Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 95; ISSN 0960-7412

Publisher:: Society for Experimental BiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Lignin characterization of rice CONIFERALDEHYDE 5-HYDROXYLASE loss-of-function mutants generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system Takeda, Yuri; Suzuki, Shiro; Tobimatsu, Yuki The Plant Journal, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14141	journal	December 2018
Os MYB 108 loss‐of‐function enriches p ‐coumaroylated and tricin lignin units in rice cell walls Miyamoto, Takuji; Takada, Rie; Tobimatsu, Yuki The Plant Journal https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14290	journal	April 2019
Comparative evaluations of lignocellulose reactivity and usability in transgenic rice plants with altered lignin composition Takeda, Yuri; Tobimatsu, Yuki; Yamamura, Masaomi Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 65, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-019-1784-6	journal	February 2019
Stacking of a low-lignin trait with an increased guaiacyl and 5-hydroxyguaiacyl unit trait leads to additive and synergistic effects on saccharification efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana de Vries, Lisanne; Vanholme, Ruben; Van Acker, Rebecca Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1257-y	journal	September 2018
Low Lignin Mutants and Reduction of Lignin Content in Grasses for Increased Utilisation of Lignocellulose Christensen, Cecilie S. L.; Rasmussen, Søren K. Agronomy, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050256	journal	May 2019

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