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Absolute Hugoniot measurements from a spherically convergent shock using x-ray radiography

Journal Article · · Review of Scientific Instruments
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032142· OSTI ID:1458533
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7]
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)
  4. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  5. Atomic Weapons Establishment, Berkshire (United Kingdom)
  6. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Helmholtz Zentrum, Dresden (Germany)
  7. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Here, the canonical high pressure equation of state measurement is to induce a shock wave in the sample material and measure two mechanical properties of the shocked material or shock wave. For accurate measurements, the experiment is normally designed to generate a planar shock which is as steady as possible in space and time, and a single state is measured. A converging shock strengthens as it propagates, so a range of shock pressures is induced in a single experiment. However, equation of state measurements must then account for spatial and temporal gradients. We have used x-ray radiography of spherically converging shocks to determine states along the shock Hugoniot. The radius-time history of the shock, and thus its speed, was measured by radiographing the position of the shock front as a function of time using an x-ray streak camera. The density profile of the shock was then inferred from the x-ray transmission at each instant of time. Simultaneous measurement of the density at the shock front and the shock speed determines an absolute mechanical Hugoniot state. The density profile was reconstructed using the known, unshocked density which strongly constrains the density jump at the shock front. The radiographic configuration and streak camera behavior were treated in detail to reduce systematic errors. Measurements were performed on the Omega and National Ignition Facility lasers, using a hohlraum to induce a spatially uniform drive over the outside of a solid, spherical sample and a laser-heated thermal plasma as an x-ray source for radiography. Absolute shock Hugoniot measurements were demonstrated for carbon-containing samples of different composition and initial density, up to temperatures at which K-shell ionization reduced the opacity behind the shock. Here we present the experimental method using measurements of polystyrene as an example.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1458533
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1822607
OSTI ID: 1437674
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL--703673
Journal Information:
Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 89; ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (5)

Understanding the effects of radiative preheat and self-emission from shock heating on equation of state measurement at 100s of Mbar using spherically converging shock waves in a NIF hohlraum journal January 2020
Equation of state of boron nitride combining computation, modeling, and experiment journal April 2019
Atom-in-jellium equations of state in the high-energy-density regime journal June 2019
Absolute Equation-of-State Measurement for Polystyrene from 25 to 60 Mbar Using a Spherically Converging Shock Wave journal July 2018
Atom-in-jellium equations of state in the high energy density regime text January 2019

Figures / Tables (17)

FIG. 1(p. 3)figure FIG. 1
FIG. 2(p. 4)figure FIG. 2
FIG. 3(p. 4)figure FIG. 3
FIG. 4(p. 4)figure FIG. 4
FIG. 5(p. 5)figure FIG. 5
FIG. 6(p. 5)figure FIG. 6
FIG. 7(p. 5)figure FIG. 7
FIG. 10(p. 6)figure FIG. 10
FIG. 8(p. 6)figure FIG. 8
FIG. 9(p. 6)figure FIG. 9
FIG. 11(p. 7)figure FIG. 11
FIG. 12(p. 7)figure FIG. 12
FIG. 13(p. 7)figure FIG. 13
FIG. 14(p. 9)figure FIG. 14
FIG. 15(p. 9)figure FIG. 15
FIG. 16(p. 10)figure FIG. 16
FIG. 17(p. 10)figure FIG. 17

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