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Comparative Assessment of Tactics to Improve Primary Frequency Response Without Curtailing Solar Output in High Photovoltaic Interconnection Grids

Journal Article · · IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  2. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
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Power grid primary frequency response will be significantly impaired by Photovoltaic (PV) penetration increase because of the decrease in inertia and governor response. PV inertia and governor emulation requires reserving PV output and leads to solar energy waste. This paper exploits current grid resources and explores energy storage for primary frequency response under high PV penetration at the interconnection level. Based on the actual models of the U.S. Eastern Interconnection grid and the Texas grid, effects of multiple factors associated with primary frequency response, including the governor ratio, governor deadband, droop rate, fast load response. are assessed under high PV penetration scenarios. In addition, performance of batteries and supercapacitors using different control strategies is studied in the two interconnections. The paper quantifies the potential of various resources to improve interconnection-level primary frequency response under high PV penetration without curtailing solar output.
Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1457668
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1523755
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA--5D00-71770
Journal Information:
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 10; ISSN 1949-3029
Publisher:
IEEECopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
biological system modeling
frequency response
load modeling
power grids
supercapacitors
time-frequency analysis