Spin-orbit torques in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys

Roschewsky, Niklas; Matsumura, Tomoya; Cheema, Suraj; Hellman, Frances; Kato, Takeshi; Iwata, Satoshi; Salahuddin, Sayeef

doi:10.1063/1.4962812

Spin-orbit torques in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys

Journal Article · Mon Sep 12 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962812· OSTI ID:1456957

Roschewsky, Niklas ^[1]; Matsumura, Tomoya ^[2]; Cheema, Suraj ^[3]; Hellman, Frances ^[4]; Kato, Takeshi ^[2]; Iwata, Satoshi ^[5]; Salahuddin, Sayeef ^[6]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Department of Physics
Nagoya University (Japan). Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Department of Physics; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Science Division
Nagoya University (Japan). Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Science Division; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this work, the spin-orbit torque switching of ferrimagnetic Gd_x(Fe₉₀Co₁₀)_100-xfilms was studied for both transition metal (TM)-rich and rare earth (RE)-rich configurations. The spin-orbit torque driven magnetization switching follows the same sense in TM-rich and RE-rich samples with respect to the total magnetization, but the sense of the switching is reversed with respect to the TM magnetization. This indicates that the sign of the spin-orbit-torque-driven magnetic switching follows the total magnetization, although transport based techniques such as anomalous Hall effect are only sensitive to the transition metal magnetization. Finally, these results provide important insight into the physics of spin angular momentum transfer in materials with antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: SC-22.2 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1456957

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1325302

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Journal Name: Applied Physics Letters Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 109; ISSN APPLAB; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (40)

Influence of spin-orbit interaction on the transport processes in ferromagnetic nickel alloys, in the presence of a degeneracy of the 3d band Berger, L. Physica, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(64)90105-3	journal	June 1964
Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers Slonczewski, J. C. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 159, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(96)00062-5	journal	June 1996
The spontaneous hall effect in ferromagnetics I Smit, J. Physica, Vol. 21, Issue 6-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(55)92596-9	journal	January 1955
A study of magnetization in exchange-coupled FM/Gd bilayers Pogorily, A.; Shypil, E.; Alexander, C. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 286 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.104	journal	February 2005
Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection Miron, Ioan Mihai; Garello, Kevin; Gaudin, Gilles Nature, Vol. 476, Issue 7359 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10309	journal	August 2011
Quantifying interface and bulk contributions to spin–orbit torque in magnetic bilayers Fan, Xin; Celik, Halise; Wu, Jun Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4042	journal	January 2014
Current-driven spin torque induced by the Rashba effect in a ferromagnetic metal layer Mihai Miron, Ioan; Gaudin, Gilles; Auffret, Stéphane Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2613	journal	January 2010
Current-induced torques in magnetic materials Brataas, Arne; Kent, Andrew D.; Ohno, Hideo Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3311	journal	April 2012
Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls Emori, Satoru; Bauer, Uwe; Ahn, Sung-Min Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3675	journal	June 2013
Spin–orbit-torque engineering via oxygen manipulation Qiu, Xuepeng; Narayanapillai, Kulothungasagaran; Wu, Yang Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.18	journal	March 2015
Controllable field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization through bulk spin-orbit torque in symmetry-broken ferromagnetic films Xie, Xuejie; Zhao, Xiaonan; Dong, Yanan Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22819-4	journal	April 2021
Twisting the thermoelectric potential May, Andrew F.; Sales, Brian C. Nature Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-00908-x	journal	January 2021
Spin-orbit torque in a bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Pd/FePd/MgO system Lee, Hwang-Rae; Lee, Kyujoon; Cho, Jaehun Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06548	journal	October 2014
Influence of Spin‐Orbit Interaction on the Transport Processes in Ferromagnetic Nickel Alloys, in the Presence of a Degeneracy of the 3 d Band Berger, L. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1729509	journal	April 1963
The Kerr and the Hall Effects in Amorphous Magnetic Films Shirakawa, T.; Nakajima, Y.; Okamoto, K. MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS — 1976: Proceedings of the First Joint MMM‐Intermag Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2946125	conference	January 1976
Hall effect in rare‐earth–transition‐metal amorphous alloy films Mimura, Y.; Imamura, N.; Kushiro, Y. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 47, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.323098	journal	July 1976
Extraordinary Hall effect in rare‐earth–cobalt amorphous films Asomoza, R.; Campbell, I. A.; Jouve, H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.324249	journal	September 1977
Extraordinary Hall resistivity in amorphous terbium–iron thin films and its temperature dependence Malmhäll, R. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 54, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.332735	journal	September 1983
Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures Woo, Seonghoon; Mann, Maxwell; Tan, Aik Jun Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902529	journal	November 2014
Spin Hall switching of the magnetization in Ta/TbFeCo structures with bulk perpendicular anisotropy Zhao, Zhengyang; Jamali, Mahdi; Smith, Angeline K. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4916665	journal	March 2015
Engineering spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Huang, Kuo-Feng; Wang, Ding-Shuo; Lin, Hsiu-Hau Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937443	journal	December 2015
3d-5d band magnetism in rare earth-transition metal intermetallics: total and partial magnetic moments of the RFe ₂ (R=Gd-Yb) Laves phase compounds Brooks, M. S. S.; Nordstrom, L.; Johansson, B. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 3, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/3/14/015	journal	April 1991
Hall Effect in Ferromagnetics Karplus, Robert; Luttinger, J. M. Physical Review, Vol. 95, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.95.1154	journal	September 1954
Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current Berger, L. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.9353	journal	October 1996
Spin transfer in diffusive ferromagnet–normal metal systems with spin-flip scattering Kovalev, Alexey A.; Brataas, Arne; Bauer, Gerrit E. W. Physical Review B, Vol. 66, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224424	journal	December 2002
Berry-phase contribution to the anomalous Hall effect in gadolinium Baily, S. A.; Salamon, M. B. Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104407	journal	March 2005
Ultrafast spin dynamics across compensation points in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo : The role of angular momentum compensation Stanciu, C. D.; Kimel, A. V.; Hansteen, F. Physical Review B, Vol. 73, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.73.220402	journal	June 2006
Quantitative characterization of the spin-orbit torque using harmonic Hall voltage measurements Hayashi, Masamitsu; Kim, Junyeon; Yamanouchi, Michihiko Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.144425	journal	April 2014
Current-Induced Switching of Perpendicularly Magnetized Magnetic Layers Using Spin Torque from the Spin Hall Effect Liu, Luqiao; Lee, O. J.; Gudmundsen, T. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.096602	journal	August 2012
Interfacial charge-spin coupling: Injection and detection of spin magnetization in metals Johnson, Mark; Silsbee, R. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 55, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.1790	journal	October 1985
Temperature Dependence of Current-Induced Magnetization Switching in Spin Valves with a Ferrimagnetic CoGd Free Layer Jiang, Xin; Gao, Li; Sun, Jonathan Z. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.217202	journal	November 2006
Anomalous Hall effect Nagaosa, Naoto; Sinova, Jairo; Onoda, Shigeki Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1539	journal	May 2010
Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum Liu, L.; Pai, C. -F.; Li, Y. Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6081 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218197	journal	May 2012
Topological Nature of Anomalous Hall Effect in Ferromagnets Onoda, Masaru; Nagaosa, Naoto Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 71, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.71.19	journal	January 2002
Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls Emori, Satoru; Bauer, Uwe; Ahn, Sung-Min arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1302.2257	text	January 2013
Spin Hall Switching of the Magnetization in Ta/TbFeCo Structures with Bulk Perpendicular Anisotropy Zhao, Zhengyang; Jamali, Mahdi; Klemm, Angeline arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1501.02294	text	January 2015
Engineering spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Huang, Kuo-Feng; Wang, Ding-Shuo; Lin, Hsiu-Hau arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.00836	text	January 2015
Spin-orbit torque engineering via oxygen manipulation Qiu, Xuepeng; Narayanapillai, Kulothungasagaran; Wu, Yang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1511.08868	text	January 2015
Spin-transfer in diffusive ferromagnet-normal metal systems with spin-flip scattering Kovalev, Alexey; Brataas, Arne; Bauer, Gerrit E. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0207458	text	January 2002
Berry's phase contribution to the anomalous Hall effect of gadolinium Baily, S. A.; Salamon, M. B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0404485	text	January 2004

Cited By (34)

Theoretical proposal for determining angular momentum compensation in ferrimagnets Zhu, Zhifeng; Fong, Xuanyao; Liang, Gengchiau Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.184410	journal	May 2018
Ultrafast magnetization reversal by picosecond electrical pulses Yang, Yang; Wilson, Richard B.; Gorchon, Jon Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1603117	journal	November 2017
Anisotropy induced spin re-orientation in chemically-modulated amorphous ferrimagnetic films Kirk, E.; Bull, C.; Finizio, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.03657	preprint	January 2020
Strongly modulated ultrafast demagnetization and magnetization precession dynamics in ferrimagnetic Gdx(CoFe)1-x alloys via 3d-4f intersublattice exchange coupling Ren, Y.; Zhang, L. L.; He, X. D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2012.14620	preprint	January 2020
Spin-orbit torques in Ta/Tb _x Co _100-x ferrimagnetic alloy films with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Ueda, Kohei; Mann, Maxwell; Pai, Chi-Feng Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4971393	journal	December 2016
Temperature dependence of spin-orbit effective fields in Pt/GdFeCo bilayers Seung Ham, Woo; Kim, Sanghoon; Kim, Duck-Ho Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4985436	journal	June 2017
Spin-orbit torque-induced switching in ferrimagnetic alloys: Experiments and modeling Je, Soong-Geun; Rojas-Sánchez, Juan-Carlos; Pham, Thai Ha Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5017738	journal	February 2018
Damping-like spin-orbit-torque-induced magnetization dynamics in ferrimagnets based on Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation Zhu, Zhifeng; Fong, Xuanyao; Liang, Gengchiau Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5048040	journal	November 2018
Study of RE _x Fe _100-x (RE = Tb, Dy, Gd) ferrimagnets for SOT application Bhatt, Ramesh Chandra; Ye, Lin-Xiu; Luo, Ying-Chuen Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5090852	journal	March 2019
Spin-Orbit-Torque Switching Mediated by an Antiferromagnetic Insulator Wang, Hailong; Finley, Joseph; Zhang, Pengxiang Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.11.044070	journal	April 2019
Thermal Contribution to the Spin-Orbit Torque in Metallic-Ferrimagnetic Systems Pham, Thai Ha; Je, S. -G.; Vallobra, P. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.9.064032	journal	June 2018
Stochastic ferrimagnetic Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation for finite magnetic structures Vogler, Christoph; Abert, Claas; Bruckner, Florian Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.054401	journal	August 2019
Subterahertz ferrimagnetic spin-transfer torque oscillator Lisenkov, Ivan; Khymyn, Roman; Åkerman, Johan Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.100409	journal	September 2019
Bidirectional spin-wave-driven domain wall motion in ferrimagnets Oh, Se-Hyeok; Kim, Se Kwon; Xiao, Jiang Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.174403	journal	November 2019
High-field anomalies of equilibrium and ultrafast magnetism in rare-earth–transition-metal ferrimagnets Pogrebna, A.; Prabhakara, K.; Davydova, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.174427	journal	November 2019
Spin-orbit torques in a Rashba honeycomb antiferromagnet Sokolewicz, Robert; Ghosh, Sumit; Yudin, Dmitry Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.214403	journal	December 2019
Highly efficient spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co/Ir multilayers with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling Ishikuro, Yuto; Kawaguchi, Masashi; Taniguchi, Tomohiro Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.014404	journal	January 2020
Ultrafast domain wall motion in ferrimagnets induced by magnetic anisotropy gradient Li, W. H.; Jin, Z.; Wen, D. L. Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.024414	journal	January 2020
Spin-orbit torque switching of ultralarge-thickness ferrimagnetic GdFeCo Roschewsky, Niklas; Lambert, Charles-Henri; Salahuddin, Sayeef Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.064406	journal	August 2017
Temperature dependence of spin-orbit torques across the magnetic compensation point in a ferrimagnetic TbCo alloy film Ueda, Kohei; Mann, Maxwell; de Brouwer, Paul W. P. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.064410	journal	August 2017
Coherent terahertz spin-wave emission associated with ferrimagnetic domain wall dynamics Oh, Se-Hyeok; Kim, Se Kwon; Lee, Dong-Kyu Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.100407	journal	September 2017
Correlation between compensation temperatures of magnetization and angular momentum in GdFeCo ferrimagnets Hirata, Yuushou; Kim, Duck-Ho; Okuno, Takaya Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.220403	journal	June 2018
Anomalous Current-Induced Spin Torques in Ferrimagnets near Compensation Mishra, Rahul; Yu, Jiawei; Qiu, Xuepeng Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.118.167201	journal	April 2017
Current-Induced Domain Wall Motion in a Compensated Ferrimagnet Siddiqui, Saima A.; Han, Jiahao; Finley, Joseph T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.057701	journal	July 2018
Giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Ir/Co/Pt multilayers Lau, Yong-Chang; Chi, Zhendong; Taniguchi, Tomohiro Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.104419	journal	October 2019
Anomalous current-induced spin torques in ferrimagnets near compensation Mishra, Rahul; Yu, Jiawei; Qiu, Xuepeng arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.08263	text	January 2017
Correlation between Compensation Temperatures of Magnetization and Angular Momentum in GdFeCo Ferrimagnets Hirata, Yuushou; Kim, Duck-Ho; Okuno, Takaya arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.07779	text	January 2017
Thermal contribution to the spin-orbit torque in metallic/ferrimagnetic systems Pham, Thai Ha; Je, Soong-Geun; Vallobra, Pierre arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.10790	text	January 2017
Stochastic ferrimagnetic Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation for finite magnetic structures Vogler, Christoph; Abert, Claas; Bruckner, Florian arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.01724	text	January 2018
High Field Anomalies of Equilibrium and Ultrafast Magnetism in Rare-Earth-Transition Metal Ferrimagnets Pogrebna, A.; Prabhakara, K.; Davydova, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.04293	text	January 2019
Sub-terahertz ferrimagnetic spin-transfer torque oscillator Lisenkov, Ivan; Khymyn, Roman; Akerman, Johan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.09341	text	January 2019
Spin-orbit torques in a Rashba honeycomb antiferromagnet Sokolewicz, R. J.; Ghosh, S.; Yudin, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.11354	text	January 2019
Giant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Ir/Co/Pt multilayers Lau, Yong-Chang; Chi, Zhendong; Taniguchi, Tomohiro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.01777	text	January 2019
Highly efficient spin orbit torque in Pt/Co/Ir multilayers with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling Ishikuro, Yuto; Kawaguchi, Masashi; Taniguchi, Tomohiro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.01454	text	January 2020

Similar Records

Tunable multistate field-free switching and ratchet effect by spin-orbit torque in canted ferrimagnetic alloy

Journal Article · Mon Oct 07 20:00:00 EDT 2024 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:2466308

Spin-Orbit Torque Switching of a Nearly Compensated Ferrimagnet by Topological Surface States

Journal Article · Sun Jul 07 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Advanced Materials · OSTI ID:1767456

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Spin-orbit torques in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo alloys

Citation Formats

References (40)

Cited By (34)

Similar Records

Related Subjects