The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes

Giovannitti, Alexander; Maria, Iuliana P.; Hanifi, David; Donahue, Mary J.; Bryant, Daniel; Barth, Katrina J.; Makdah, Beatrice E.; Savva, Achilleas; Moia, Davide; Zetek, Matyas; Barnes, Piers R. F.; Reid, Obadiah G.; Inal, Sahika; Rumbles, Garry; Malliaras, George G.; Nelson, Jenny; Rivnay, Jonathan; McCulloch, Iain

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00321

Title: The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes

Journal Article · Tue Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Chemistry of Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00321· OSTI ID:1440398

^[1]; Maria, Iuliana P. ^[2]; Hanifi, David ^[3]; Donahue, Mary J. ^[4]; Bryant, Daniel ^[5]; Barth, Katrina J. ^[6]; Makdah, Beatrice E. ^[6]; Savva, Achilleas ^[7]; Moia, Davide ^[8]; Zetek, Matyas ^[8];

^[8]; Reid, Obadiah G. ^[9]; Inal, Sahika ^[7];

^[10];

^[11]; Nelson, Jenny ^[8]; Rivnay, Jonathan ^[12];

^[13]

Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemistry, Dept. of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemistry
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Mines ParisTech, CMP-EMSE, Paris (France). Dept. of Bioelectronics
King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia). Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Solar Center (KSC)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia). Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Inst.; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Chemistry and Nanoscience Center
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Inst. and Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Chemistry and Nanoscience Center
Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Electrical Engineering Division
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Simpson Querry Inst. for BioNanotechnology
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemistry; King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia). Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Solar Center (KSC)

Here, we report a design strategy that allows the preparation of solution processable n-type materials from low boiling point solvents for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The polymer backbone is based on NDI-T2 copolymers where a branched alkyl side chain is gradually exchanged for a linear ethylene glycol-based side chain. A series of random copolymers was prepared with glycol side chain percentages of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100 with respect to the alkyl side chains. These were characterized to study the influence of the polar side chains on interaction with aqueous electrolytes, their electrochemical redox reactions, and performance in OECTs when operated in aqueous electrolytes. We observed that glycol side chain percentages of >50% are required to achieve volumetric charging, while lower glycol chain percentages show a mixed operation with high required voltages to allow for bulk charging of the organic semiconductor. A strong dependence of the electron mobility on the fraction of glycol chains was found for copolymers based on NDI-T2, with a significant drop as alkyl side chains are replaced by glycol side chains.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; BASF SE, Ludwigshafen (Germany); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); European Research Council (ERC); European Union (EU); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EP/P02484X/1; EP/G037515/1; EP/M005143/1; EP/N509486/1; EC FP7 Project SC2 (610115); EC H2020 Project SOLEDLIGHT (643791); 742708

OSTI ID:: 1440398

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-71212

Journal Information:: Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 9; ISSN 0897-4756

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 144 works

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