A Stable Graphitic, Nanocarbon-Encapsulated, Cobalt-Rich Core-Shell Electrocatalyst as an Oxygen Electrode in a Water Electrolyzer

Sivanantham, Arumugam; Ganesan, Pandian; Estevez, Luis; McGrail, B. Peter; Motkuri, Radha Kishan; Shanmugam, Sangaraju

doi:10.1002/aenm.201702838

A Stable Graphitic, Nanocarbon-Encapsulated, Cobalt-Rich Core-Shell Electrocatalyst as an Oxygen Electrode in a Water Electrolyzer

Journal Article · Wed Jan 10 23:00:00 EST 2018 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702838· OSTI ID:1439684

Sivanantham, Arumugam ^[1]; Ganesan, Pandian ^[1]; Estevez, Luis ^[2]; McGrail, B. Peter ^[2]; Motkuri, Radha Kishan ^[2]; ^[1]

Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988 Republic of Korea
Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99354 USA

The oxygen electrode plays a vital role in the successful commercialization of renewable energy technologies, such as fuel cells and water electrolyzers. In this study, the Prussian blue analogue-derived nitrogen-doped nanocarbon (NC) layer-trapped, cobalt-rich, core–shell nanostructured electrocatalysts (core–shell Co@NC) are reported. The electrode exhibits an improved oxygen evolution activity and stability compared to that of the commercial noble electrodes. The core–shell Co@NC-loaded nickel foam exhibits a lower overpotential of 330 mV than that of IrO2 on nickel foam at 10 mA cm-2 and has a durability of over 400 h. The commercial Pt/C cathode-assisted, core–shell Co@NC–anode water electrolyzer delivers 10 mA cm-2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V, which is 70 mV lower than that of the IrO2–anode water electrolyzer. Over the long-term chronopotentiometry durability testing, the IrO2–anode water electrolyzer shows a cell voltage loss of 230 mV (14%) at 95 h, but the loss of the core–shell Co@NC–anode electrolyzer is only 60 mV (4%) even after 350 h cell-operation. The findings indicate that the Prussian blue analogue is a class of inorganic nanoporous materials that can be used to derive metal-rich, core–shell electrocatalysts with enriched active centers.

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1439684

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-127978; GT0200000

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 8; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (74)

Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films as Platforms for Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt Ions To Enable Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Kung, Chung-Wei; Mondloch, Joseph E.; Wang, Timothy C. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b06901	journal	December 2015
Cobalt Sulfide Nanoparticles Grown on Nitrogen and Sulfur Codoped Graphene Oxide: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions Ganesan, Pandian; Prabu, Moni; Sanetuntikul, Jakkid ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b00154	journal	May 2015
M ₃ C (M: Fe, Co, Ni) Nanocrystals Encased in Graphene Nanoribbons: An Active and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions Fan, Xiujun; Peng, Zhiwei; Ye, Ruquan ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b02420	journal	June 2015
Inexpensive electrochemical synthesis of nickel iron sulphides on nickel foam: super active and ultra-durable electrocatalysts for alkaline electrolyte membrane water electrolysis Ganesan, Pandian; Sivanantham, Arumugam; Shanmugam, Sangaraju Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA04499A	journal	January 2016
Trends in activity for the water electrolyser reactions on 3d M(Ni,Co,Fe,Mn) hydr(oxy)oxide catalysts Subbaraman, Ram; Tripkovic, Dusan; Chang, Kee-Chul Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3313	journal	May 2012
Iron Encapsulated within Pod-like Carbon Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Deng, Dehui; Yu, Liang; Chen, Xiaoqi Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201204958	journal	December 2012
Oxygen reduction reaction: A framework for success Allendorf, Mark D. Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.58	journal	May 2016
Metal–organic framework-derived porous Mn _1.8 Fe _1.2 O ₄ nanocubes with an interconnected channel structure as high-performance anodes for lithium ion batteries Zheng, Fangcai; Zhu, Dequan; Shi, Xiaohui J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA06150K	journal	January 2015
Prussian Blue Analogues for CO₂ and SO₂ Capture and Separation Applications Thallapally, Praveen K.; Motkuri, Radha Kishan; Fernandez, Carlos A. Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 49, Issue 11, p. 4909-4915 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic902397w	journal	June 2010
Carbon–metal nanosheets from the water–hexane interface Hamoudi, Hicham Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC00228A	journal	January 2015
Metal-semiconductor-transition observed in Bi ₂ Ca(Sr, Ba) ₂ Co ₂ O _8+δ single crystals Dong, Song-Tao; Zhang, Bin-Bin; Zhang, Lun-Yong Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4891845	journal	July 2014
Highly Active and Durable Non-Precious Metal Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Medium Karthikayini, M. P.; Thirupathi, T.; Wang, Guanxiong Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1001606jes	journal	January 2016
Hollow Spheres of Iron Carbide Nanoparticles Encased in Graphitic Layers as Oxygen Reduction Catalysts Hu, Yang; Jensen, Jens Oluf; Zhang, Wei Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201400358	journal	February 2014
Oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions on Ru, RuO 2 , Ir, and IrO 2 thin film electrodes in acidic and alkaline electrolytes: A comparative study on activity and stability Cherevko, Serhiy; Geiger, Simon; Kasian, Olga Catalysis Today, Vol. 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.08.014	journal	March 2016
Coupling multiphase-Fe and hierarchical N-doped graphitic carbon as trifunctional electrocatalysts by supramolecular preorganization of precursors Zhou, Zhixin; He, Fei; Shen, Yanfei Chemical Communications, Vol. 53, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC09442B	journal	January 2017
Single layer graphene encapsulating non-precious metals as high-performance electrocatalysts for water oxidation Cui, Xiaoju; Ren, Pengju; Deng, Dehui Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE03316K	journal	January 2016
Cover Picture: Asymmetric Catalytic Aza-Diels-Alder/Ring-Closing Cascade Reaction Forming Bicyclic Azaheterocycles by Trienamine Catalysis (Chem. Eur. J. 1/2017) Li, Yang; Barløse, Casper; Jørgensen, Julie Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201605561	journal	December 2016
Hierarchical NiCo ₂ S ₄ Nanowire Arrays Supported on Ni Foam: An Efficient and Durable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions Sivanantham, Arumugam; Ganesan, Pandian; Shanmugam, Sangaraju Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201600566	journal	April 2016
Hydrogen Storage in the Dehydrated Prussian Blue Analogues M ₃ [Co(CN) ₆ ] ₂ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) Kaye, Steven S.; Long, Jeffrey R. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja051168t	journal	May 2005
Redox and electrochemical water splitting catalytic properties of hydrated metal oxide modified electrodes Doyle, Richard L.; Godwin, Ian J.; Brandon, Michael P. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp51213d	journal	January 2013
Metal−Organic Framework-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Core-Shell-Structured Porous Fe/Fe ₃ C@C Nanoboxes Supported on Graphene Sheets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reactions Hou, Yang; Huang, Taizhong; Wen, Zhenhai Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201400337	journal	April 2014
Facile Synthesis of Surfactant-Free Au Cluster/Graphene Hybrids for High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Yin, Huajie; Tang, Hongjie; Wang, Dan ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302984x	journal	August 2012
Fluorocarbon adsorption in hierarchical porous frameworks Motkuri, Radha Kishan; Annapureddy, Harsha V. R.; Vijaykumar, M. Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5368	journal	July 2014
Investigation of the Interactions and Bonding between Carbon and Group VIII Metals at the Atomic Scale Zoberbier, Thilo; Chamberlain, Thomas W.; Biskupek, Johannes Small, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201502210	journal	February 2016
Interfacial Charge Carrier Dynamics in Core−Shell Au-CdS Nanocrystals Yang, Ting-Ting; Chen, Wei-Ta; Hsu, Yung-Jung The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp103294c	journal	June 2010
Mesoporous Metal–Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Liang, Hai-Wei; Wei, Wei; Wu, Zhong-Shuai Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja407552k	journal	October 2013
Three-Dimensional Smart Catalyst Electrode for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Chen, Sheng; Duan, Jingjing; Bian, Pengju Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500936	journal	July 2015
Ni ₃ Fe-N Doped Carbon Sheets as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Air Cathodes Fu, Gengtao; Cui, Zhiming; Chen, Yifan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601172	journal	September 2016
Cobalt-Embedded Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nanotubes Efficiently Catalyze Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at All pH Values Zou, Xiaoxin; Huang, Xiaoxi; Goswami, Anandarup Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201311111	journal	March 2014
On the Electrolytic Stability of Iron-Nickel Oxides Speck, Florian D.; Dettelbach, Kevan E.; Sherbo, Rebecca S. Chem, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.03.006	journal	April 2017
Interaction of Cobalt Nanoparticles with Oxygen- and Nitrogen-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Impact on Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation Catalysis Chen, Peirong; Yang, Fengkai; Kostka, Aleksander ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500173t	journal	April 2014
Au/Ni12P5 core/shell single-crystal nanoparticles as oxygen evolution reaction catalyst Xu, Yingying; Duan, Sibin; Li, Haoyi Nano Research, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1527-1	journal	April 2017
Influence of Particle Size Distribution on the Performance of Ionic Liquid-based Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors Rennie, Anthony J. R.; Martins, Vitor L.; Smith, Rachel M. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22062	journal	February 2016
Active Site Structures in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Supported Cobalt Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Qian, Yingdan; Liu, Zheng; Zhang, Hui ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b11927	journal	November 2016
Gold-supported cerium-doped NiOx catalysts for water oxidation Ng, Jia Wei Desmond; García-Melchor, Max; Bajdich, Michal Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.53	journal	April 2016
Active and stable carbon nanotube/nanoparticle composite electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction Chung, Hoon T.; Won, Jong H.; Zelenay, Piotr Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2944	journal	May 2013
Enhancing Activity for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: The Beneficial Interaction of Gold with Manganese and Cobalt Oxides Frydendal, Rasmus; Busch, Michael; Halck, Niels B. ChemCatChem, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402756	journal	November 2014
XPS analysis of new lithium cobalt oxide thin-films before and after lithium deintercalation Dupin, J. C.; Gonbeau, D.; Benqlilou-Moudden, H. Thin Solid Films, Vol. 384, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01802-2	journal	March 2001
Stability investigations of electrocatalysts on the nanoscale Meier, Josef C.; Katsounaros, Ioannis; Galeano, Carolina Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22550f	journal	January 2012
Activation of surface oxygen sites on an iridium-based model catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction Grimaud, Alexis; Demortière, Arnaud; Saubanère, Matthieu Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.189	journal	December 2016
Metal-Organic Framework-Based Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis Mahmood, Asif; Guo, Wenhan; Tabassum, Hassina Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201600423	journal	May 2016
Bi-Functional Iron-Only Electrodes for Efficient Water Splitting with Enhanced Stability through In Situ Electrochemical Regeneration Martindale, Benjamin C. M.; Reisner, Erwin Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201502095	journal	December 2015
NiFe-Based (Oxy)hydroxide Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Non-Acidic Electrolytes Dionigi, Fabio; Strasser, Peter Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201600621	journal	July 2016
First-Principles Design of Graphene-Based Active Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in the Aprotic Li–O₂ Battery Kang, Joonhee; Yu, Jong-Sung; Han, Byungchan The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 14, p. 2803-2808 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01071	journal	June 2016
Metal-organic frameworks: Evolved oxygen evolution catalysts Miner, Elise M.; Dincă, Mircea Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.186	journal	November 2016
Carbonized Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks as High Performance Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Zhao, Shenlong; Yin, Huajie; Du, Lei ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn505582e	journal	November 2014
Cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon as a bifunctional catalyst for water electrolysis Wang, Jing; Gao, Dunfeng; Wang, Guoxiong J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA04337E	journal	January 2014
Elucidating the local interfacial structure of highly photoresponsive carbon nanotubes/PbS-QDs based nanohybrids grown by pulsed laser deposition Fujisawa, Kazunori; Ka, Ibrahima; Le Borgne, Vincent Carbon, Vol. 96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.051	journal	January 2016
Atomic cobalt on nitrogen-doped graphene for hydrogen generation Fei, Huilong; Dong, Juncai; Arellano-Jiménez, M. Josefina Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9668	journal	October 2015
Nanocarbon Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline Media for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage Li, Qing; Cao, Ruiguo; Cho, Jaephil Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201301415	journal	January 2014
Recent Progress in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Applications in Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Water Splitting Wang, Wei; Xu, Xiaomin; Zhou, Wei Advanced Science, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201600371	journal	January 2017
Bimetallic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Controlled Catalytic Graphitization of Nanoporous Carbons Tang, Jing; Salunkhe, Rahul R.; Zhang, Huabin Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30295	journal	July 2016
“Metal-Free” Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Heteroatom-Doped Graphene is Caused by Trace Metal Impurities Wang, Lu; Ambrosi, Adriano; Pumera, Martin Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201309171	journal	November 2013
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Kornienko, Nikolay; Zhao, Yingbo; Kley, Christopher S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b08212	journal	October 2015
Highly active and durable non-precious-metal catalysts encapsulated in carbon nanotubes for hydrogen evolution reaction Deng, Jiao; Ren, Pengju; Deng, Dehui Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE00370E	journal	January 2014
Probing the Metal-Support Interaction in Carbon-Supported Catalysts by using Electron Microscopy Zhang, Bingsen; Su, Dang Sheng ChemCatChem, Vol. 7, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500666	journal	October 2015
Review on Recent Progress in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Potential Applications Wang, Haibo; Maiyalagan, Thandavarayan; Wang, Xin ACS Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs200652y	journal	April 2012
A highly active and stable IrO _x /SrIrO ₃ catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction Seitz, Linsey C.; Dickens, Colin F.; Nishio, Kazunori Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6303 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf5050	journal	September 2016
Metallic Cobalt@Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocomposites: Carbon-Shell Regulation toward Efficient Bi-Functional Electrocatalysis Mo, Qijie; Chen, Nana; Deng, Mengdie ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b10853	journal	October 2017
Nitrogen-Doped Graphene on Transition Metal Substrates as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions Zhou, Si; Liu, Nanshu; Wang, Zhiyu ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05755	journal	June 2017
New Heterometallic Zirconium Metalloporphyrin Frameworks and Their Heteroatom-Activated High-Surface-Area Carbon Derivatives Lin, Qipu; Bu, Xianhui; Kong, Aiguo Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b00076	journal	February 2015
Identification of catalytic sites for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in N-doped graphene materials: Development of highly efficient metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst Yang, Hong Bin; Miao, Jianwei; Hung, Sung-Fu Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501122	journal	April 2016
Spinel-type lithium cobalt oxide as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions Maiyalagan, Thandavarayan; Jarvis, Karalee A.; Therese, Soosairaj Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4949	journal	May 2014
Construction of hierarchically porous graphitized carbon-supported NiFe layered double hydroxides with a core–shell structure as an enhanced electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction Ni, Yuanman; Yao, Lihua; Wang, Yin Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR03661B	journal	January 2017
Pore-Engineered Metal–Organic Frameworks with Excellent Adsorption of Water and Fluorocarbon Refrigerant for Cooling Applications Zheng, Jian; Vemuri, Rama S.; Estevez, Luis Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b04872	journal	July 2017
Li–O₂ and Li–S batteries with high energy storage Bruce, Peter G.; Freunberger, Stefan A.; Hardwick, Laurence J. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 1, p. 19-29 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3191	journal	January 2012
Solar Energy Supply and Storage for the Legacy and Nonlegacy Worlds Cook, Timothy R.; Dogutan, Dilek K.; Reece, Steven Y. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100246c	journal	November 2010
A host-guest approach to fabricate metallic cobalt nanoparticles embedded in silk-derived N-doped carbon fibers for efficient hydrogen evolution Lyu, Fenglei; Wang, Qingfa; Zhu, Han Green Energy & Environment, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2017.01.007	journal	April 2017
A metal–organic framework-derived bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst Xia, Bao Yu; Yan, Ya; Li, Nan Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2015.6	journal	January 2016
MOF-derived self-assembled ZnO/Co ₃ O ₄ nanocomposite clusters as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries Zhu, Dequan; Zheng, Fangcai; Xu, Shihao Dalton Transactions, Vol. 44, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5DT02271A	journal	January 2015
Nickel selenide supported on nickel foam as an efficient and durable non-precious electrocatalyst for the alkaline water electrolysis Sivanantham, Arumugam; Shanmugam, Sangaraju Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.050	journal	April 2017
Ultrathin metal–organic framework nanosheets for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution Zhao, Shenlong; Wang, Yun; Dong, Juncai Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.184	journal	November 2016
Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Fei, Huilong; Yang, Yang; Peng, Zhiwei ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b00652	journal	April 2015
Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Hybrid Carbon Nanocages as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Liu, Shaohong; Wang, Zhiyu; Zhou, Si Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700874	journal	June 2017

Similar Records

A Stable Graphitic, Nanocarbon-Encapsulated, Cobalt-Rich Core-Shell Electrocatalyst as an Oxygen Electrode in a Water Electrolyzer

Journal Article · Wed Jan 10 23:00:00 EST 2018 · Advanced Energy Materials · OSTI ID:1490197

A Stable Graphitic, Nanocarbon‐Encapsulated, Cobalt‐Rich Core–Shell Electrocatalyst as an Oxygen Electrode in a Water Electrolyzer

Journal Article · Wed Jan 10 23:00:00 EST 2018 · Advanced Energy Materials · OSTI ID:1416645

Hierarchical tri-functional electrocatalysts derived from bimetallic–imidazolate framework for overall water splitting and rechargeable zinc–air batteries

Journal Article · Wed Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A · OSTI ID:1598255

A Stable Graphitic, Nanocarbon-Encapsulated, Cobalt-Rich Core-Shell Electrocatalyst as an Oxygen Electrode in a Water Electrolyzer

Citation Formats

References (74)

Similar Records

Related Subjects