Sculpting Nanoscale Functional Channels in Complex Oxides Using Energetic Ions and Electrons

Sachan, Ritesh; Zarkadoula, Eva; Ou, Xin; Trautmann, Christina; Zhang, Yanwen; Chisholm, Matthew F.; Weber, William J.

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b02326

Sculpting Nanoscale Functional Channels in Complex Oxides Using Energetic Ions and Electrons

Journal Article · Thu Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b02326· OSTI ID:1437895

^[1]; ^[1]; Ou, Xin ^[2]; Trautmann, Christina ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[1]; ^[5]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (China)
GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany); Technische Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt (Germany)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The formation of metastable phases has attracted significant attention because of their unique properties and potential functionalities. In the present study, we demonstrate the phase conversion of energetic-ion-induced amorphous nanochannels/tracks into a metastable defect fluorite in A₂B₂O₇ structured complex oxides by electron irradiation. Through in situ electron irradiation experiments in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we observe electron-induced epitaxial crystallization of the amorphous nanochannels in Yb₂Ti₂O₇ into the defect fluorite. This energetic-electron-induced phase transformation is attributed to the coupled effect of ionization-induced electronic excitations and local heating, along with subthreshold elastic energy transfers. We also show the role of ionic radii of A-site cations (A = Yb, Gd, and Sm) and B-site cations (Ti and Zr) in facilitating the electron-beam-induced crystallization of the amorphous phase to the defect-fluorite structure. The formation of the defect-fluorite structure is eased by the decrease in the difference between ionic radii of A- and B-site cations in the lattice. Molecular dynamics simulations of thermal annealing of the amorphous phase nanochannels in A₂B₂O₇ draw parallels to the electron-irradiation-induced crystallization and confirm the role of ionic radii in lowering the barrier for crystallization. Furthermore, these results suggest that employing guided electron irradiation with atomic precision is a useful technique for selected area phase formation in nanoscale printed devices.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1437895

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Journal Name: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Journal Issue: 19 Vol. 10; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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