Liquid xenon scintillation measurements and pulse shape discrimination in the LUX dark matter detector

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.; Bai, X.; Bailey, A. J.; Balajthy, J.; Beltrame, P.; Bernard, E. P.; Bernstein, A.; Biesiadzinski, T. P.; Boulton, E. M.; Brás, P.; Byram, D.; Carmona-Benitez, M. C.; Chan, C.; Currie, A.; Cutter, J. E.; Davison, T. J.  R.; Dobi, A.; Druszkiewicz, E.; Edwards, B. N.; Fallon, S. R.; Fan, A.; Fiorucci, S.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Genovesi, J.; Ghag, C.; Gilchriese, M. G.  D.; Hall, C. R.; Haselschwardt, S. J.; Hertel, S. A.; Hogan, D. P.; Horn, M.; Huang, D. Q.; Ignarra, C. M.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Ji, W.; Kamdin, K.; Kazkaz, K.; Khaitan, D.; Knoche, R.; Lenardo, B. G.; Lesko, K. T.; Liao, J.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, M. I.; Manalaysay, A.; Mannino, R. L.; Marzioni, M. F.; McKinsey, D. N.; Mei, D. -M.; Mock, J.; Moongweluwan, M.; Morad, J. A.; Murphy, A. St.  J.; Nehrkorn, C.; Nelson, H. N.; Neves, F.; O’Sullivan, K.; Oliver-Mallory, K. C.; Palladino, K. J.; Pease, E. K.; Rhyne, C.; Shaw, S.; Shutt, T. A.; Silva, C.; Solmaz, M.; Solovov, V. N.; Sorensen, P.; Sumner, T. J.; Szydagis, M.; Taylor, D. J.; Taylor, W. C.; Tennyson, B. P.; Terman, P. A.; Tiedt, D. R.; To, W. H.; Tripathi, M.; Tvrznikova, L.; Utku, U.; Uvarov, S.; Velan, V.; Verbus, J. R.; Webb, R. C.; White, J. T.; Whitis, T. J.; Witherell, M. S.; Wolfs, F. L.  H.; Xu, J.; Yazdani, K.; Young, S. K.; Zhang, C.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.112002

Liquid xenon scintillation measurements and pulse shape discrimination in the LUX dark matter detector

Journal Article · Fri Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Physical Review D

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.112002· OSTI ID:1436669

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.; Bai, X.; Bailey, A. J.; Balajthy, J.; Beltrame, P.; Bernard, E. P.; Bernstein, A.; Biesiadzinski, T. P.; Boulton, E. M.; Brás, P.; Byram, D.; Carmona-Benitez, M. C.; Chan, C.; Currie, A.; Cutter, J. E.; Davison, T. J. R.; Dobi, A.; Druszkiewicz, E. more »

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are a leading candidate for dark matter and are expected to produce nuclear recoil (NR) events within liquid xenon time-projection chambers. Here, we present a measurement of liquid xenon scintillation characteristics in the LUX dark matter detector and develop a pulse shaped based discrimination parameter to be used for particle identification. To accurately measure the scintillation characteristics, we develop a template-fitting method to reconstruct the detection time of photons. Analyzing calibration data collected during the 2013-16 LUX WIMP search, we measure a singlet-to-triplet scintillation ratio for electron recoils (ER) that is consistent with existing literature, and we make a first-ever measurement of the NR singlet-to-triplet ratio at recoil energies below 74 keV. A prompt fraction discrimination parameter exploits the difference of the photon time spectra for NR and ER events and is optimized to have the least number of ER events that occur in the 50% NR acceptance region. When this discriminator is used in conjunction with charge-to-light discrimination on the calibration data, the signal-to-noise ratio in the NR dark matter acceptance region increases by up to a factor of two.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY (United States); Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)

Contributing Organization:: LUX Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515; AC05-06OR23100; AC52-07NA27344; FG02-08ER41549; FG02-91ER40674; FG02-91ER40688; FG02-95ER40917; NA0000979; SC0006605; SC0010010; SC0015535; SC0017891

OSTI ID:: 1436669

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1502026
OSTI ID: 1532649
OSTI ID: 1441120
OSTI ID: 1457784
OSTI ID: 3004598

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--752062; ark:/13030/qt9sx049qk

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 97; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (42)

Minuit - a system for function minimization and analysis of the parameter errors and correlations James, F.; Roos, M. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(75)90039-9	journal	December 1975
Geant4—a simulation toolkit Agostinelli, S.; Allison, J.; Amako, K. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 506, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8	journal	July 2003
ROOT — An object oriented data analysis framework Brun, Rene; Rademakers, Fons Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 389, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00048-X	journal	April 1997
Measurements of scintillation efficiency and pulse shape for low energy recoils in liquid xenon Akimov, D.; Bewick, A.; Davidge, D. Physics Letters B, Vol. 524, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01411-3	journal	January 2002
New limits on particle dark matter search with a liquid Xenon target-scintillator Bernabei, R.; Belli, P.; Montecchia, F. Physics Letters B, Vol. 436, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00980-0	journal	September 1998
First limits on nuclear recoil events from the ZEPLIN I galactic dark matter detector Alner, G. J.; Araujo, H.; Arnison, G. J. Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2005.02.004	journal	June 2005
Improving photoelectron counting and particle identification in scintillation detectors with Bayesian techniques Akashi-Ronquest, M.; Amaudruz, P. -A.; Batygov, M. Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 65 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.12.006	journal	May 2015
A study of the scintillation induced by alpha particles and gamma rays in liquid xenon in an electric field Dawson, J. V.; Howard, A. S.; Akimov, D. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 545, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.343	journal	June 2005
Scintillation pulse shape discrimination in a two-phase xenon time projection chamber Kwong, J.; Brusov, P.; Shutt, T. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 612, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.10.106	journal	January 2010
Scintillation-only based pulse shape discrimination for nuclear and electron recoils in liquid xenon Ueshima, K.; Abe, K.; Hiraide, K. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 659, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.09.011	journal	December 2011
Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment Akerib, D. S.; Bai, X.; Bedikian, S. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 668 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.063	journal	March 2012
LUXSim: A component-centric approach to low-background simulations Akerib, D. S.; Bai, X.; Bedikian, S. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 675 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.010	journal	May 2012
High-accuracy measurement of the emission spectrum of liquid xenon in the vacuum ultraviolet region Fujii, Keiko; Endo, Yuya; Torigoe, Yui Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 795 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.05.065	journal	September 2015
A measurement of the time profile of scintillation induced by low energy gamma-rays in liquid xenon with the XMASS-I detector Takiya, H.; Abe, K.; Hiraide, K. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 834 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.08.014	journal	October 2016
Limits on inelastic dark matter from ZEPLIN-III Akimov, D. Yu.; Araújo, H. M.; Barnes, E. J. Physics Letters B, Vol. 692, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.07.042	journal	August 2010
Light WIMP search in XMASS Abe, K.; Hieda, K.; Hiraide, K. Physics Letters B, Vol. 719, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2013.01.001	journal	February 2013
First results from the DarkSide-50 dark matter experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso Agnes, P.; Alexander, T.; Alton, A. Physics Letters B, Vol. 743 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.03.012	journal	April 2015
Exciton Self‐Trapping in Rare‐Gas Crystals Martin, Marlo The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 54, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675342	journal	April 1971
Evidence for a triplet state of the self-trapped exciton states in liquid argon, krypton and xenon Kubota, S.; Hishida, M.; Raun, J. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/11/12/024	journal	June 1978
The effective field theory of dark matter direct detection Fitzpatrick, A. Liam; Haxton, Wick; Katz, Emanuel Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/02/004	journal	February 2013
Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Aprile, E.; Aalbers, J.; Agostini, F. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2016, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/04/027	journal	April 2016
The Sanford Underground Research Facility at Homestake Heise, J. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 606 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/606/1/012015	journal	May 2015
Measurements of wavelength-dependent double photoelectron emission from single photons in VUV-sensitive photomultiplier tubes Faham, C. H.; Gehman, V. M.; Currie, A. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 10, Issue 09 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/10/09/P09010	journal	September 2015
The impact of photon flight path on S1 pulse shape analysis in liquid xenon two-phase detectors Moongweluwan, M. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 11, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/02/C02036	journal	February 2016
Measurement of the absolute reflectance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) immersed in liquid xenon Neves, F.; Lindote, A.; Morozov, A. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 12, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/01/P01017	journal	January 2017
Position reconstruction in LUX Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 13, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/02/P02001	journal	February 2018
NEST: a comprehensive model for scintillation yield in liquid xenon Szydagis, M.; Barry, N.; Kazkaz, K. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/6/10/P10002	journal	October 2011
Modeling pulse characteristics in Xenon with NEST Mock, J.; Barry, N.; Kazkaz, K. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 9, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/04/T04002	journal	April 2014
Dynamical behavior of free electrons in the recombination process in liquid argon, krypton, and xenon Kubota, Shinzou; Hishida, Masahiko; Suzuki, Masayo Physical Review B, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.20.3486	journal	October 1979
Effect of ionization density on the time dependence of luminescence from liquid argon and xenon Hitachi, Akira; Takahashi, Tan; Funayama, Nobutaka Physical Review B, Vol. 27, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.27.5279	journal	May 1983
Scintillation time dependence and pulse shape discrimination in liquid argon Lippincott, W. H.; Coakley, K. J.; Gastler, D. Physical Review C, Vol. 78, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.035801	journal	September 2008
Constraints on inelastic dark matter from XENON10 Angle, J.; Aprile, E.; Arneodo, F. Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.115005	journal	December 2009
Tritium calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment Akerib, D. S.; Araújo, H. M.; Bai, X. Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.072009	journal	April 2016
Inelastic frontier: Discovering dark matter at high recoil energy Bramante, Joseph; Fox, Patrick J.; Kribs, Graham D. Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.115026	journal	December 2016
Kr 83 m calibration of the 2013 LUX dark matter search Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M. Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.112009	journal	December 2017
Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M. Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.102008	journal	May 2018
Dark Matter Results from 225 Live Days of XENON100 Data Aprile, E.; Alfonsi, M.; Arisaka, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.181301	journal	November 2012
Improved Limits on Scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles from Reanalysis of 2013 LUX Data Akerib, D. S.; Araújo, H. M.; Bai, X. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.161301	journal	April 2016
Dark Matter Results from First 98.7 Days of Data from the PandaX-II Experiment Tan, Andi; Xiao, Mengjiao; Cui, Xiangyi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.121303	journal	September 2016
Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.021303	journal	January 2017
Geant4 developments and applications Allison, J.; Amako, K.; Apostolakis, J. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 53, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2006.869826	journal	February 2006
A Global Analysis of Light and Charge Yields in Liquid Xenon Lenardo, Brian; Kazkaz, Kareem; Manalaysay, Aaron IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2481322	journal	December 2015

Cited By (1)

Timing and characterization of shaped pulses with MHz ADCs in a detector system: a comparative study and deep learning approach Ai, P.; Wang, D.; Huang, G. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 14, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/03/p03002	journal	March 2019

Similar Records

Related Subjects

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
particle astrophysics
particle dark matter
radiation detectors
scintillators
time-projection chambers

Liquid xenon scintillation measurements and pulse shape discrimination in the LUX dark matter detector

Citation Formats

References (42)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects