Fabrication and optical characterization of polystyrene opal templates for the synthesis of scalable, nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials by electrodeposition

Gaulding, E. A.; Liu, G.; Chen, C. T.; Lobbert, L.; Li, A.; Segev, G.; Eichhorn, J.; Aloni, S.; Schwartzberg, A. M.; Sharp, I. D.; Toma, F. M.

doi:10.1039/c7ta00512a

Title: Fabrication and optical characterization of polystyrene opal templates for the synthesis of scalable, nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials by electrodeposition

Journal Article · Thu Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00512a· OSTI ID:1435074

Gaulding, E. A. ^[1]; Liu, G. ^[1]; Chen, C. T. ^[2]; Lobbert, L. ^[1];

^[1]; Segev, G. ^[1]; Eichhorn, J. ^[3]; Aloni, S. ^[2]; Schwartzberg, A. M. ^[2]; Sharp, I. D. ^[1];

^[1]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Chemical Sciences Division

Finding solutions to improve the performance of semiconductor light absorbers and catalyst materials remains an outstanding issue that prevents the realization of solar fuel generators. Nanostructuring approaches of photoelectrocatalytic materials have the potential to reduce bulk recombination and improve electron-hole pair separation in semiconductor light absorbers, as well as to increase the active surface area and influence the activity in catalytic systems. Herein, we propose a versatile approach for the synthesis of reproducible, highly homogeneous, large scale nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials for artificial photosynthesis. By identifying and carefully analyzing critical parameters for forming opal templates from solutions of colloidal polystyrene beads (PS), we are able to reproducibly fabricate large area ( > cm²) PS films with high optical quality over a wide diameter range (170-600 nm). Using these PS bead opal films as templates, we demonstrate that electrodeposition is a suitable bottom-up infilling technique to produce scalable, homogeneous, and highly ordered nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials, namely Cu₂O, BiVO₄, CuBi₂O₄, and Cu. Here, we provide morphological, structural, and optical characterization of the resulting opal replicas. Finally, we demonstrate preliminary integration of the Cu₂O inverse opal film into a working photocathode under CO₂ reduction conditions.

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1435074

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Vol. 5, Issue 23; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (58)

Ordered Macroporous BiVO ₄ Architectures with Controllable Dual Porosity for Efficient Solar Water Splitting Zhou, Min; Wu, Hao Bin; Bao, Jian Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201302680	journal	June 2013
Highly active oxide photocathode for photoelectrochemical water reduction Paracchino, Adriana; Laporte, Vincent; Sivula, Kevin Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3017	journal	May 2011
Two Growth Modes of Metal Oxide in the Colloidal Crystal Template Leading to the Formation of Two Different Macroporous Materials Li, Xun; Jiang, Yuan; Shi, Zhiwei Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm071180f	journal	October 2007
Fabrication of TiO ₂ Binary Inverse Opals without Overlayers via the Sandwich-Vacuum Infiltration of Precursor Cai, Zhongyu; Teng, Jinghua; Xiong, Zhigang Langmuir, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/la200111j	journal	April 2011
Enhanced Incident Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency of Tungsten Trioxide Photoanodes Based on 3D-Photonic Crystal Design Chen, Xiaoqing; Ye, Jinhua; Ouyang, Shuxin ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn200100v	journal	May 2011
Optical Properties of Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals Schroden, Rick C.; Al-Daous, Mohammed; Blanford, Christopher F. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm020100z	journal	August 2002
Double-Deck Inverse Opal Photoanodes: Efficient Light Absorption and Charge Separation in Heterojunction Ma, Ming; Kim, Jung Kyu; Zhang, Kan Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm502073d	journal	September 2014
Bismuth Vanadate as a Platform for Accelerating Discovery and Development of Complex Transition-Metal Oxide Photoanodes Sharp, Ian D.; Cooper, Jason K.; Toma, Francesca M. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00586	journal	December 2016
Morphology Matters: Tuning the Product Distribution of CO ₂ Electroreduction on Oxide-Derived Cu Foam Catalysts Dutta, Abhijit; Rahaman, Motiar; Luedi, Nicola C. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b00770	journal	May 2016
Plasmonic Enhancement in BiVO ₄ Photonic Crystals for Efficient Water Splitting Zhang, Liwu; Lin, Chia-Yu; Valev, Ventsislav K. Small, Vol. 10, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201400970	journal	June 2014
Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Cu2O/Ni inverse opal electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors Deng, Ming-Jay; Song, Cheng-Zhao; Ho, Pei-Jung Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp51472b	journal	January 2013
Efficient solar water splitting by enhanced charge separation in a bismuth vanadate-silicon tandem photoelectrode Abdi, Fatwa F.; Han, Lihao; Smets, Arno H. M. Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3195	journal	July 2013
Tuning of Silver Catalyst Mesostructure Promotes Selective Carbon Dioxide Conversion into Fuels Yoon, Youngmin; Hall, Anthony Shoji; Surendranath, Yogesh Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201607942	journal	November 2016
Effect of Disorder on the Optically Amplified Photocatalytic Efficiency of Titania Inverse Opals Chen, Jennifer I. L.; von Freymann, Georg; Kitaev, Vladimir Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja066102s	journal	February 2007
Nanoporous BiVO₄ Photoanodes with Dual-Layer Oxygen Evolution Catalysts for Solar Water Splitting Kim, Tae Woo; Choi, Kyoung-Shin Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6174, p. 990-994 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246913	journal	February 2014
Electrochemical Reduction of CO ₂ at Copper Nanofoams Sen, Sujat; Liu, Dan; Palmore, G. Tayhas R. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500522g	journal	August 2014
Efficient and Stable Photo-Oxidation of Water by a Bismuth Vanadate Photoanode Coupled with an Iron Oxyhydroxide Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Seabold, Jason A.; Choi, Kyoung-Shin Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 4, p. 2186-2192 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja209001d	journal	January 2012
Colloidal Crystal Films: Advances in Universality and Perfection Wong, Sean; Kitaev, Vladimir; Ozin, Geoffrey A. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0379969	journal	December 2003
Optical extinction due to intrinsic structural variations of photonic crystals Koenderink, A. Femius; Lagendijk, Ad; Vos, Willem L. Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.153102	journal	October 2005
Hierarchically Ordered Macro−Mesoporous TiO ₂ −Graphene Composite Films: Improved Mass Transfer, Reduced Charge Recombination, and Their Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities Du, Jiang; Lai, Xiaoyong; Yang, Nailiang ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn102767d	journal	December 2010
Electrodeposition of Crystalline GaAs on Liquid Gallium Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes Fahrenkrug, Eli; Gu, Junsi; Maldonado, Stephen Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja309476x	journal	December 2012
Opaline Photonic Crystals: How Does Self-Assembly Work? Norris, D. J.; Arlinghaus, E. G.; Meng, L. Advanced Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400455	journal	August 2004
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Using Multibeam Interference Lithography and Electrodeposition Miyake, Masao; Chen, Ying-Chieh; Braun, Paul V. Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200802085	journal	August 2009
Photoelectrochemical Properties and Photostabilities of High Surface Area CuBi ₂ O ₄ and Ag-Doped CuBi ₂ O ₄ Photocathodes Kang, Donghyeon; Hill, James C.; Park, Yiseul Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01294	journal	June 2016
Opal and inverse opal photonic crystals: Fabrication and characterization Waterhouse, Geoffrey I. N.; Waterland, Mark R. Polyhedron, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2006.06.024	journal	January 2007
Bottom-up assembly of photonic crystals von Freymann, Georg; Kitaev, Vladimir; Lotsch, Bettina V. Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35309A	journal	January 2013
2D and 3D photonic crystal materials for photocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage and conversion Collins, Gillian; Armstrong, Eileen; McNulty, David Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2016.1226121	journal	July 2016
Advantages of Solar Hydrogen Compared to Direct Carbon Dioxide Reduction for Solar Fuel Production Parkinson, Bruce ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00377	journal	October 2016
Photoelectrodes Based upon Mo:BiVO ₄ Inverse Opals for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Zhou, Min; Bao, Jian; Xu, Yang ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn501996a	journal	June 2014
Design and functionality of colloidal-crystal-templated materials—chemical applications of inverse opals Stein, Andreas; Wilson, Benjamin E.; Rudisill, Stephen G. Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35317B	journal	January 2013
Suppression of the Coffee Ring Effect by Hydrosoluble Polymer Additives Cui, Liying; Zhang, Junhu; Zhang, Xuemin ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/am300423p	journal	April 2012
Mie resonances of dielectric spheres in face-centered cubic photonic crystals Vandenbem, Cédric; Vigneron, Jean Pol Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.22.001042	journal	January 2005
Mechanistic insights into chemical and photochemical transformations of bismuth vanadate photoanodes Toma, Francesca M.; Cooper, Jason K.; Kunzelmann, Viktoria Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12012	journal	July 2016
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of p-CuBi ₂ O ₄ Thin Film Photocathodes Hahn, Nathan T.; Holmberg, Vincent C.; Korgel, Brian A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp210130v	journal	March 2012
Epitaxial Growth of Three-Dimensionally Mesostructured Single-Crystalline Cu ₂ O via Templated Electrodeposition Kim, Jinwoo; Kim, Ha Seong; Choi, Jun Hee Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5034645	journal	December 2014
Understanding the positive effects of (Co–Pi) co-catalyst modification in inverse-opal structured α-Fe2O3-based photoelectrochemical cells Shi, Xinjian; Zhang, Kan; Park, Jong Hyeok International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 38, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.07.057	journal	September 2013
TiO ₂ inverse-opal electrode fabricated by atomic layer deposition for dye-sensitized solar cell applications Liu, Lijun; Karuturi, Siva Krishna; Su, Liap Tat Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C0EE00086H	journal	January 2011
Assembly of large-area, highly ordered, crack-free inverse opal films Hatton, B.; Mishchenko, L.; Davis, S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 23, p. 10354-10359 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000954107	journal	May 2010
An alternative method to obtain direct opal photonic crystal structures Chiappini, A.; Armellini, C.; Chiasera, A. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 355, Issue 18-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.01.054	journal	July 2009
Capillary flow as the cause of ring stains from dried liquid drops Deegan, Robert D.; Bakajin, Olgica; Dupont, Todd F. Nature, Vol. 389, Issue 6653, p. 827-829 https://doi.org/10.1038/39827	journal	October 1997
Electrochemical Synthesis of Photoelectrodes and Catalysts for Use in Solar Water Splitting Kang, Donghyeon; Kim, Tae Woo; Kubota, Stephen R. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00498	journal	August 2015
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO ₂ on TiO ₂ and Other Semiconductors Habisreutinger, Severin N.; Schmidt-Mende, Lukas; Stolarczyk, Jacek K. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201207199	journal	June 2013
Dispersion Properties of Optical Polymers Sultanova, N.; Kasarova, S.; Nikolov, I. Acta Physica Polonica A, Vol. 116, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.116.585	journal	October 2009
Self-Terminating Growth of Platinum Films by Electrochemical Deposition Liu, Y.; Gokcen, D.; Bertocci, U. Science, Vol. 338, Issue 6112 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228925	journal	December 2012
Coupling surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles with slow-photon-effect of TiO2 photonic crystals for synergistically enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting Zhang, Xing; Liu, Yang; Lee, Shuit-Tong Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee43278e	journal	January 2014
Strong effects of photonic band structures on the diffraction of colloidal crystals Vos, Willem L.; Sprik, Rudolf; van Blaaderen, Alfons Physical Review B, Vol. 53, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.53.16231	journal	June 1996
Cu ₂ O: Electrodeposition and Characterization de Jongh, P. E.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Kelly, J. J. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm991054e	journal	December 1999
Optimizing Sol−Gel Infiltration and Processing Methods for the Fabrication of High-Quality Planar Titania Inverse Opals Galusha, Jeremy W.; Tsung, Chia-Kuang; Stucky, Galen D. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm800072j	journal	August 2008
Marangoni Effect Reverses Coffee-Ring Depositions Hu, Hua; Larson, Ronald G. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0609232	journal	April 2006
Evaluation of MnO _x , Mn ₂ O ₃ , and Mn ₃ O ₄ Electrodeposited Films for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Water Ramírez, Alejandra; Hillebrand, Philipp; Stellmach, Diana The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp500939d	journal	June 2014
Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming Cook, John; Oreskes, Naomi; Doran, Peter T. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002	journal	April 2016
Titanium Dioxide Photonic Crystals with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity: Matching Photonic Band Gaps of TiO ₂ to the Absorption Peaks of Dyes Zheng, Xiuzhen; Meng, Sugang; Chen, Jing The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp404519j	journal	October 2013
Forced Impregnation Approach to Fabrication of Large-Area, Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Metal Oxides Chen, Xiaoqing; Li, Zhaosheng; Ye, Jinhua Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm100751w	journal	June 2010
Nickel–cobalt electrodeposited alloys for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media Lupi, C.; Dell'Era, A.; Pasquali, M. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.015	journal	March 2009
Multiformity of particle arrays assembled with a simple dip-coating Nagao, Daisuke; Kameyama, Ryoji; Kobayashi, Yoshio Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 311, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.08.031	journal	December 2007
Strongly Photonic Macroporous Gallium Phosphide Networks Schuurmans, F. J. P. Science, Vol. 284, Issue 5411 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411.141	journal	April 1999
Fabrication of 2D and 3D ordered porous ZnO films using 3D opal templates by electrodeposition Yan, Hongwei; Yang, Yingling; Fu, Zhengping Electrochemistry Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2005.08.011	journal	November 2005
Platinum and indium sulfide-modified CuInS ₂ as efficient photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting Gunawan, Gunawan; Septina, Wilman; Ikeda, Shigeru Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 64 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC03634D	journal	January 2014

Similar Records

Carbon quantum dots coated BiVO{sub 4} inverse opals for enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation

Journal Article · Mon Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:1435074

Nan, Feng; Shen, Mingrong; Fang, Liang; +2 more

Fabrication of Au- and Ag–SiO{sub 2} inverse opals having both localized surface plasmon resonance and Bragg diffraction

Journal Article · Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Solid State Chemistry · OSTI ID:1435074

Erola, Markus O.A.; Philip, Anish; Ahmed, Tanzir; +1 more

Near-Infrared Light Trapping in Disordered Inverse Opals

Journal Article · Wed Jun 29 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1435074

Neale, Nathan R.; Lee, Benjamin G.; Kang, Soon Hyung; +1 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Title: Fabrication and optical characterization of polystyrene opal templates for the synthesis of scalable, nanoporous (photo)electrocatalytic materials by electrodeposition

Citation Formats

References (58)

Similar Records

Related Subjects