Early stage structural development of prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) in solution

Terban, Maxwell W.; Banerjee, Debasis; Ghose, Sanjit; Medasani, Bharat; Shukla, Anil; Legg, Benjamin A.; Zhou, Yufan; Zhu, Zihua; Sushko, Maria L.; De Yoreo, James J.; Liu, Jun; Thallapally, Praveen K.; Billinge, Simon J.  L.

doi:10.1039/C7NR07949D

Early stage structural development of prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) in solution

Journal Article · Mon Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 2018 · Nanoscale

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR07949D· OSTI ID:1434862

^[1]; Banerjee, Debasis ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[2]; Shukla, Anil ^[4]; Legg, Benjamin A. ^[5]; Zhou, Yufan ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[2]; De Yoreo, James J. ^[5]; Liu, Jun ^[6]; ^[2]; ^[7]

Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics; Columbia University; New York; USA
Physical and Computational Science Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland; USA
National Synchrotron Light Source II; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton; USA
W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland; USA
Physical and Computational Science Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland; USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Washington
Energy & Environment Directorate; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland; USA
Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics; Columbia University; New York; USA; Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department

During synthesis, Zn²⁺ions become coordinated by 2-methylimidazole to form secondary building units which function as building blocks to the final ZIF-8 framework.

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (US)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1434862

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-132466; KC0203020

Journal Information:: Nanoscale, Journal Name: Nanoscale Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 10; ISSN NANOHL; ISSN 2040-3364

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (64)

Towards atomistic understanding of polymorphism in the solvothermal synthesis of ZrO ₂ nanoparticles Dippel, Ann-Christin; Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø.; Tyrsted, Christoffer Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances, Vol. 72, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053273316012675	journal	October 2016
Rapid-acquisition pair distribution function (RA-PDF) analysis Chupas, Peter J.; Qiu, Xiangyun; Hanson, Jonathan C. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 36, Issue 6, p. 1342-1347 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889803017564	journal	November 2003
Evolution of atomic structure during nanoparticle formation Tyrsted, Christoffer; Lock, Nina; Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø. IUCrJ, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252514006538	journal	April 2014
Making a hybrid microfluidic platform compatible for in situ imaging by vacuum-based techniques Yang, Li; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Zhu, Zihua Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 29, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3654147	journal	November 2011
Luminescent Functional Metal–Organic Frameworks Cui, Yuanjing; Yue, Yanfeng; Qian, Guodong Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200101d	journal	June 2011
Assembly of a Homochiral, Body-Centered Cubic Network Composed of Vertex-Shared Mg ₁₂ Cages: Use of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Monitor Metal Carboxylate Nucleation Rood, Jeffrey A.; Boggess, William C.; Noll, Bruce C. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja074558j	journal	November 2007
Structure and Properties of an Amorphous Metal-Organic Framework Bennett, Thomas D.; Goodwin, Andrew L.; Dove, Martin T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.115503	journal	March 2010
In Situ Total X-Ray Scattering Study of WO ₃ Nanoparticle Formation under Hydrothermal Conditions Saha, Dipankar; Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø.; Tyrsted, Christoffer Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 126, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201311254	journal	February 2014
Formate modulated solvothermal synthesis of ZIF-8 investigated using time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy Cravillon, Janosch; Schröder, Christian A.; Bux, Helge CrystEngComm, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CE06002C	journal	January 2012
Mechanisms for Iron Oxide Formation under Hydrothermal Conditions: An in Situ Total Scattering Study Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø.; Andersen, Henrik L.; Tyrsted, Christoffer ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5044096	journal	October 2014
Systematic Design of Pore Size and Functionality in Isoreticular MOFs and Their Application in Methane Storage Eddaoudi, Mohamed; Kim, Jaheon; Rosi, Nathaniel Science, Vol. 295, Issue 5554, p. 469-472 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067208	journal	January 2002
Universal solvent restructuring induced by colloidal nanoparticles Zobel, M.; Neder, R. B.; Kimber, S. A. J. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6219 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1261412	journal	January 2015
Fast Nucleation and Growth of ZIF-8 Nanocrystals Monitored by Time-Resolved In Situ Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering Cravillon, Janosch; Schröder, Christian A.; Nayuk, Roman Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 50, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201102071	journal	July 2011
Thermal Amorphization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Bennett, Thomas D.; Keen, David A.; Tan, Jin-Chong Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 123, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201007303	journal	February 2011
Structural Evolution of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Venna, Surendar R.; Jasinski, Jacek B.; Carreon, Moises A. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja109268m	journal	December 2010
Two-dimensional detector software: From real detector to idealised image or two-theta scan Hammersley, A. P.; Svensson, S. O.; Hanfland, M. High Pressure Research, Vol. 14, Issue 4-6, p. 235-248 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959608201408	journal	January 1996
Formate modulated solvothermal synthesis of ZIF-8 investigated using time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy Cravillon, Janosch; Schröder, Christian A.; Bux, Helge Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry https://doi.org/10.15488/2166	collection	January 2012
Detection and characterization of nanoparticles in suspension at low concentrations using the X-ray total scattering pair distribution function technique Terban, Maxwell W.; Johnson, Matthew; Di Michiel, Marco Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR06486K	journal	January 2015
Introduction to Metal–Organic Frameworks Zhou, Hong-Cai; Long, Jeffrey R.; Yaghi, Omar M. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2, p. 673-674 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300014x	journal	September 2011
Recrystallization, Phase Composition, and Local Structure of Amorphous Lactose from the Total Scattering Pair Distribution Function Terban, Maxwell W.; Cheung, Eugene Y.; Krolikowski, Paul Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01100	journal	November 2015
PDFgetX3: A rapid and highly automatable program for processing powder diffraction data into total scattering pair distribution functions Juhas, Pavol; Davis, Timur; Farrow, Christopher L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1211.7126	text	January 2012
Facile Mechanosynthesis of Amorphous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Bennett, Thomas D.; Cao, Shuai; Tan, Jin Chong Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja206082s	journal	September 2011
Ligand-Directed Strategy for Zeolite-Type Metal–Organic Frameworks: Zinc(II) Imidazolates with Unusual Zeolitic Topologies Huang, Xiao-Chun; Lin, Yan-Yong; Zhang, Jie-Peng Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 45, Issue 10, p. 1557-1559 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503778	journal	February 2006
In Situ Mass Spectrometric Monitoring of the Dynamic Electrochemical Process at the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface: a SIMS Approach Wang, Zhaoying; Zhang, Yanyan; Liu, Bingwen Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 89, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04189	journal	December 2016
Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks Sumida, Kenji; Rogow, David L.; Mason, Jarad A. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2, p. 724-781 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2003272	journal	September 2011
Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Ceria Nanoparticles Under Hydrothermal Conditions Tyrsted, Christoffer; Ørnsbjerg Jensen, Kirsten Marie; Bøjesen, Espen Drath Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 124, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201204747	journal	August 2012
Synthesis and adsorption properties of ZIF-8 nanoparticles using a micromixer Yamamoto, Daigo; Maki, Taisuke; Watanabe, Satoshi Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 227 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.065	journal	July 2013
Surface Analysis – The Principal Techniques Vickerman, John C.; Gilmore, Ian S. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470721582	book	March 2009
Revealing the Mechanisms behind SnO ₂ Nanoparticle Formation and Growth during Hydrothermal Synthesis: An In Situ Total Scattering Study Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø.; Christensen, Mogens; Juhas, Pavol Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja300978f	journal	April 2012
Capturing the transient species at the electrode–electrolyte interface by in situ dynamic molecular imaging Yu, Jiachao; Zhou, Yufan; Hua, Xin Chemical Communications, Vol. 52, Issue 73 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CC02893D	journal	January 2016
Synthesis of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 crystals using DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) as solvent and kinetic transformation studies Feng, Xuhui; Wu, Ting; Carreon, Moises A. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 455 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.016	journal	December 2016
Beyond the H ₂ /CO ₂ upper bound: one-step crystallization and separation of nano-sized ZIF-11 by centrifugation and its application in mixed matrix membranes Sánchez-Laínez, Javier; Zornoza, Beatriz; Mayoral, Álvaro Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA06820C	journal	January 2015
Improving the Molecular Ion Signal Intensity for In Situ Liquid SIMS Analysis Zhou, Yufan; Yao, Juan; Ding, Yuanzhao Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-016-1478-x	journal	September 2016
Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials Yaghi, Omar M.; O'Keeffe, Michael; Ockwig, Nathan W. Nature, Vol. 423, Issue 6941, p. 705-714 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01650	journal	June 2003
Probing liquid surfaces under vacuum using SEM and ToF-SIMS Yang, Li; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Zhu, Zihua Lab on a Chip, Vol. 11, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0lc00676a	journal	January 2011
PDFgetX3 : a rapid and highly automatable program for processing powder diffraction data into total scattering pair distribution functions Juhás, P.; Davis, T.; Farrow, C. L. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 46, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889813005190	journal	March 2013
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations Li, Jian-Rong; Sculley, Julian; Zhou, Hong-Cai Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2, p. 869-932 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200190s	journal	September 2011
Structure and properties of an amorphous metal--organic framework Bennett, Thomas D.; Goodwin, Andrew L.; Dove, Martin T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1001.1332	text	January 2010
Rapid Room-Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystals of a Prototypical Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Cravillon, Janosch; Münzer, Simon; Lohmeier, Sven-Jare Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm900166h	journal	April 2009
Fast Nucleation and Growth of ZIF-8 Nanocrystals Monitored by Time-Resolved In Situ Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering Cravillon, Janosch; Schröder, Christian A.; Nayuk, Roman Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 123, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201102071	journal	July 2011
Amorphous Metal–Organic Frameworks Bennett, Thomas D.; Cheetham, Anthony K. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar5000314	journal	April 2014
Structures of Hard Phases in Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Terban, Maxwell W.; Dabbous, Raphaël; Debellis, Anthony D. Macromolecules, Vol. 49, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00889	journal	September 2016
In Situ Total X-Ray Scattering Study of WO ₃ Nanoparticle Formation under Hydrothermal Conditions Saha, Dipankar; Jensen, Kirsten M. Ø.; Tyrsted, Christoffer Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201311254	journal	February 2014
In Situ Mass Spectrometric Determination of Molecular Structural Evolution at the Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium-Ion Batteries Zhu, Zihua; Zhou, Yufan; Yan, Pengfei Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02479	journal	August 2015
Revealing the Initial Reaction Behavior in the Continuous Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Real-Time Synchrotron X-ray Analysis Polyzoidis, Angelos; Etter, Martin; Herrmann, Michael Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00325	journal	April 2017
Revealing the Initial Reaction Behavior in the Continuous Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Real-Time Synchrotron X-ray Analysis Polyzoidis, Angelos; Etter, Martin; Herrmann, Michael Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2017-03595	text	January 2017
Structure, Spectroscopy, and Bonding within the Zn ^{q +} –Imidazole _n ( q = 0, 1, 2; n = 1–4) Clusters and Implications for Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and Zn–Enzymes Boussouf, K.; Khairat, T.; Prakash, M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 119, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09500	journal	November 2015
In Situ Molecular Imaging of the Biofilm and Its Matrix Ding, Yuanzhao; Zhou, Yufan; Yao, Juan Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03909	journal	October 2016
Observing the Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks by in Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy Patterson, Joseph P.; Abellan, Patricia; Denny, Michael S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b00817	journal	June 2015
In situ X-ray diffraction monitoring of a mechanochemical reaction reveals a unique topology metal-organic framework Katsenis, Athanassios D.; Puškarić, Andreas; Štrukil, Vjekoslav Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7662	journal	March 2015
Tuning the crystal morphology and size of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 in aqueous solution by surfactants Pan, Yichang; Heryadi, Dodi; Zhou, Feng CrystEngComm, Vol. 13, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ce05780d	journal	January 2011
Synthesis and properties of nano zeolitic imidazolate frameworks Nune, Satish K.; Thallapally, Praveen K.; Dohnalkova, Alice Chemical Communications, Vol. 46, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/c002088e	journal	January 2010
Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Routes to Various MOF Topologies, Morphologies, and Composites Stock, Norbert; Biswas, Shyam Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200304e	journal	September 2011
Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects Kohn, W.; Sham, L. J. Physical Review, Vol. 140, Issue 4A, p. A1133-A1138 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133	journal	November 1965
Electrospray ion source. Another variation on the free-jet theme Yamashita, Masamichi; Fenn, John B. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/j150664a002	journal	September 1984
An EXAFS study of the formation of a nanoporous metal–organic framework: evidence for the retention of secondary building units during synthesis Surblé, Suzy; Millange, Franck; Serre, Christian Chemical Communications, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/b600709k	journal	January 2006
Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Ceria Nanoparticles Under Hydrothermal Conditions Tyrsted, Christoffer; Ørnsbjerg Jensen, Kirsten Marie; Bøjesen, Espen Drath Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 51, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201204747	journal	August 2012
Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks Park, K. S.; Ni, Z.; Cote, A. P. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 27, p. 10186-10191 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602439103	journal	June 2006
High yield 1-L scale synthesis of ZIF-8 via a sonochemical route Cho, Hye-Young; Kim, Jun; Kim, Se-Na Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.11.012	journal	March 2013
The chemistry of nucleation Bøjesen, E. D.; Iversen, B. B. CrystEngComm, Vol. 18, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CE01489E	journal	January 2016
Rapid synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals in an aqueous system Pan, Yichang; Liu, Yunyang; Zeng, Gaofeng Chemical Communications, Vol. 47, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc05002d	journal	January 2011
Thermal Amorphization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Bennett, Thomas D.; Keen, David A.; Tan, Jin-Chong Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 50, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007303	journal	February 2011
Ligand-Directed Strategy for Zeolite-Type Metal–Organic Frameworks: Zinc(II) Imidazolates with Unusual Zeolitic Topologies Huang, Xiao-Chun; Lin, Yan-Yong; Zhang, Jie-Peng Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 118, Issue 10, p. 1587-1589 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200503778	journal	February 2006
Real-time and in situ monitoring of mechanochemical milling reactions Friščić, Tomislav; Halasz, Ivan; Beldon, Patrick J. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1505	journal	December 2012

Cited By (8)

Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species Yeung, Hamish H. ‐M.; Sapnik, Adam F.; Massingberd‐Mundy, Felicity Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201810039	journal	January 2019
2D molecular crystal lattices: advances in their synthesis, characterization, and application Solomos, Marina A.; Claire, F. James; Kempa, Thomas J. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06534b	journal	January 2019
The Chemistry of Nucleation: In Situ Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Secondary Building Units During UiO‐66 MOF Formation Xu, Hui; Sommer, Sanna; Broge, Nils Lau Nyborg Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201805024	journal	January 2019
A new experimental setup for time- and laterally-resolved X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy in a ‘single shot’ Kulow, A.; Witte, S.; Beyer, S. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00313k	journal	January 2019
Metal–organic framework derived Co ₃ O ₄ /C@SiO ₂ yolk–shell nanoreactors with enhanced catalytic performance Zhang, Ming; Wang, Chaohai; Liu, Chao Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03565b	journal	January 2018
The Chemistry of Nucleation: In Situ Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Secondary Building Units During UiO‐66 MOF Formation Xu, Hui; Sommer, Sanna; Broge, Nils Lau Nyborg Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-01803	text	January 2019
Synthesis of Au nanorod-embedded and graphene oxide-wrapped microporous ZIF-8 with high electrocatalytic activity for the sensing of pesticides Gan, Tian; Li, Jiebin; Li, Hanxiao Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01101c	journal	January 2019
Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species Yeung, Hamish H. ‐M.; Sapnik, Adam F.; Massingberd‐Mundy, Felicity Angewandte Chemie https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201810039	journal	December 2018

Similar Records

Early stage structural development of prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) in solution

Journal Article · Sun Feb 04 19:00:00 EST 2018 · Nanoscale · OSTI ID:1426463

Bio-Templated Chiral Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework for Enantioselective Chemoresistive Sensing

Journal Article · Thu May 25 20:00:00 EDT 2023 · Angewandte Chemie (International Edition) · OSTI ID:1991682

Metal-organic and zeolite imidazolate frameworks (MOFs and ZIFs) for highly selective separations

Technical Report · Sun Sep 16 20:00:00 EDT 2012 · OSTI ID:1050881

Related Subjects

Colloidal nano MOFs
Growth
Nucleation

Early stage structural development of prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) in solution

Citation Formats

References (64)

Cited By (8)

Similar Records

Related Subjects