Plasma detachment in divertor tokamaks

Leonard, A. W.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/aaa7a9

Plasma detachment in divertor tokamaks

Journal Article · Tue Feb 06 23:00:00 EST 2018 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aaa7a9· OSTI ID:1432037

^[1]

General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States); General Atomics

In this study, observations of divertor plasma detachment in tokamaks are reviewed. Plasma detachment is characterized in terms of transport and dissipation of power, momentum and particle flux along the open field lines from the midplane to the divertor. Asymmetries in detachment onset and other characteristics between the inboard and outboard divertor plasmas is found to be primarily driven by plasma $$\vec{E}$$ x $$\vec{B}$$ drifts. The effect of divertor plate geometry and magnetic configuration on divertor detachment is summarized. Control of divertor detachment has progressed with a development of a number of diagnostics to characterize the detached state in real-time. Finally the compatibility of detached divertor operation with high performance core plasmas is examined.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24)

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-04ER54698

OSTI ID:: 1432037

Journal Information:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Journal Name: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 60; ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Optimized tokamak power exhaust with double radiative feedback in ASDEX Upgrade Kallenbach, A.; Bernert, M.; Eich, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/12/122003	journal	November 2012
Scaling radiative divertor solutions to high power in DIII-D Leonard, A. W.; Mahdavi, M. A.; Lasnier, C. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/6/063015	journal	April 2012
Effect of changes in separatrix magnetic geometry on divertor behaviour in DIII-D Petrie, T. W.; Canik, J. M.; Lasnier, C. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/11/113024	journal	September 2013
Impact of carbon and tungsten as divertor materials on the scrape-off layer conditions in JET Groth, M.; Brezinsek, S.; Belo, P. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/9/093016	journal	August 2013
Contrasting H-mode behaviour with deuterium fuelling and nitrogen seeding in the all-carbon and metallic versions of JET Maddison, G. P.; Giroud, C.; Alper, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/7/073016	journal	May 2014
Divertor studies in nitrogen induced completely detached H-modes in full tungsten ASDEX Upgrade Reimold, F.; Wischmeier, M.; Bernert, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/3/033004	journal	February 2015
Partial detachment of high power discharges in ASDEX Upgrade Kallenbach, A.; Bernert, M.; Beurskens, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053026	journal	April 2015
Comparison of H-mode plasmas in JET-ILW and JET-C with and without nitrogen seeding Jaervinen, A. E.; Giroud, C.; Groth, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/4/046012	journal	March 2016
Energy flux to the ASDEX-Upgrade diverter plates determined by thermography and calorimetry Herrmann, A.; Junker, W.; Gunther, K. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/37/1/002	journal	January 1995
Spectroscopic study of radiative losses in the JT-60U divertor plasma Kubo, H.; Sugie, T.; Hosogane, N. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 37, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/37/10/005	journal	October 1995
The compatibility of high confinement times and complete divertor detachment in ASDEX-Upgrade Neuhauser, J.; Alexander, M.; Becker, G. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 37, Issue 11A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/37/11A/003	journal	November 1995
Highly radiating and detached plasmas on carbon and beryllium targets Matthews), The JET Team (presented by G. F. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 37, Issue 11A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/37/11A/015	journal	November 1995
The effects of field reversal on the Alcator C-Mod divertor Hutchinson, I. H.; LaBombard, B.; Goetz, J. A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 37, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/37/12/004	journal	December 1995
Particle drift effects on the Alcator C-Mod divertor Hutchinson, I. H.; Goetz, J. A.; Jablonski, D. F. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 38, Issue 12A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/12A/023	journal	December 1996
Measurements of neutral density based on emissivity in the Alcator C-Mod divertor Kurz, C.; LaBombard, B.; Lipschultz, B. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/39/6/004	journal	June 1997
Physics of the detached radiative divertor regime in DIII-D Fenstermacher, M. E.; Boedo, J.; Isler, R. C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 3A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/41/3A/028	journal	January 1999
Spectroscopic study of the radiation in divertor I of ASDEX Upgrade at high density Wenzel, U.; Carlson, A.; Fuchs, Ch Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/41/6/308	journal	January 1999
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices Ghendrih, Philippe Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/43/2/702	journal	January 2001
Effects of divertor geometry on tokamak plasmas Loarte, Alberto Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/43/6/201	journal	May 2001
ELM particle and energy transport in the SOL and divertor of DIII-D Fenstermacher, M. E.; Leonard, A. W.; Snyder, P. B. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/45/9/304	journal	August 2003
Septum assessment of the JET gas box divertor Rapp, J.; Fundamenski, W.; Ingesson, L. C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/50/9/095015	journal	August 2008
Divertor power load feedback with nitrogen seeding in ASDEX Upgrade Kallenbach, A.; Dux, R.; Fuchs, J. C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/52/5/055002	journal	March 2010
Influence of the E × B drift in high recycling divertors on target asymmetries Chankin, A. V.; Corrigan, G.; Groth, M. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/9/095002	journal	July 2015
Impact of divertor geometry on radiative divertor performance in JET H-mode plasmas Jaervinen, A. E.; Brezinsek, S.; Giroud, C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/58/4/045011	journal	February 2016
Analytical calculations for impurity seeded partially detached divertor conditions Kallenbach, A.; Bernert, M.; Dux, R. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/58/4/045013	journal	February 2016
A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations Soukhanovskii, V. A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa6959	journal	April 2017
Strong correlation between D ₂ density and electron temperature at the target of divertors found in SOLPS analysis Stangeby, P. C.; Sang, Chaofeng Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5e27	journal	March 2017
Results from recent detachment experiments in alternative divertor configurations on TCV Theiler, C.; Lipschultz, B.; Harrison, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5fb7	journal	March 2017
Recent progress towards a quantitative description of filamentary SOL transport Carralero, D.; Siccinio, M.; Komm, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa64b3	journal	April 2017
Controlling marginally detached divertor plasmas Eldon, D.; Kolemen, E.; Barton, J. L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa6b16	journal	May 2017
Changes in divertor conditions in response to changing core density with RMPs Briesemeister, A. R.; Ahn, J. -W.; Canik, J. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa70bd	journal	June 2017
Increased heat dissipation with the X-divertor geometry facilitating detachment onset at lower density in DIII-D Covele, B.; Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7644	journal	June 2017
Compatibility of separatrix density scaling for divertor detachment with H-mode pedestal operation in DIII-D Leonard, A. W.; McLean, A. G.; Makowski, M. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa778c	journal	July 2017
Heat flux pattern in detached L-modes and ELM mitigated H-modes with rotating magnetic perturbations in ASDEX Upgrade Brida, D.; Lunt, T.; Wischmeier, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa78b9	journal	August 2017
Surface heat flux feedback controlled impurity seeding experiments with Alcator C-Mod’s high- Z vertical target plate divertor: performance, limitations and implications for fusion power reactors Brunner, D.; Wolfe, S. M.; LaBombard, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7923	journal	July 2017
Observation of Continuous Divertor Detachment in H -Mode Discharges in ASDEX Upgrade Gruber, O.; Kallenbach, A.; Kaufmann, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 74, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4217	journal	May 1995
Distributed Divertor Radiation through Convection in DIII-D Leonard, A. W.; Mahdavi, M. A.; Allen, S. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4769	journal	June 1997
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices Stangeby, P. Series in Plasma Physics https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420033328	book	January 2000
Chapter 8: Edge and Divertor Physics in ASDEX Upgrade Neuhauser, Josef; Bosch, Hans-Stephan; Coster, David Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A406	journal	November 2003
Divertor Heat Flux Control Research on DIII-D Leonard, A. W. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A1062	journal	October 2005
Divertor Physics Research on Alcator C-Mod Lipschultz, B.; LaBombard, B.; Terry, J. L. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1428	journal	April 2007
Spatial Structure of Volume Recombination in JT-60U Detached Divertor Plasmas Fujimoto, Kayoko; Nakano, Tomohide; Kubo, Hirotaka Plasma and Fusion Research, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.4.025	journal	January 2009
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices Stangeby, Peter C. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1887/0750305592	book	January 2000
Magnetic Geometry and Physics of Advanced Divertors: The X-Divertor and the Snowflake Kotschenreuther, Mike; Valanju, Prashant; Covele, Brent arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1309.5289	text	January 2013
Recent progress towards a quantitative description of filamentary SOL transport Carralero, D.; Siccinio, M.; Komm, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.06250	text	January 2020

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Neutral density estimation in the ASDEX upgrade divertor from deuterium emissivity measurements during detachment and shoulder formation Agostini, M.; Vianello, N.; Carraro, L. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab4122	journal	September 2019
Effects of divertor geometry on H-mode pedestal structure in attached and detached plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak Wang, H. Q.; Guo, H. Y.; Leonard, A. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aacbde	journal	July 2018
First experimental tests of a new small angle slot divertor on DIII-D Guo, H. Y.; Wang, H. Q.; Watkins, J. G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab26ee	journal	July 2019
Study of passively stable, fully detached divertor plasma regimes attained in innovative long-legged divertor configurations Umansky, M. V.; LaBombard, B.; Brunner, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab46f4	journal	October 2019
Electron density calculation based on Stark broadening of D Balmer line from detached plasma in EAST tungsten divertor Xu, Feng; Ding, Fang; Chen, Xiahua Plasma Science and Technology, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/aad226	journal	August 2018
Thermionic Cooling of the Target Plasma to a Sub-eV Temperature Campanell, M. D.; Johnson, G. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.015003	journal	January 2019

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