The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks

van Weeren, Reinout J.; Andrade-Santos, Felipe; Dawson, William A.; Golovich, Nathan; Lal, Dharam V.; Kang, Hyesung; Ryu, Dongsu; Bruggen, Marcus; Ogrean, Georgiana A.; Forman, William R.; Jones, Christine; Placco, Vinicius M.; Santucci, Rafael M.; Wittman, David; Jee, M. James; Kraft, Ralph P.; Sobral, David; Stroe, Andra; Fogarty, Kevin

doi:10.1038/s41550-016-0005

The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks

Journal Article · Wed Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Nature Astronomy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-016-0005· OSTI ID:1430992

^[1]; Andrade-Santos, Felipe ^[1]; Dawson, William A. ^[2]; Golovich, Nathan ^[3]; Lal, Dharam V. ^[4]; Kang, Hyesung ^[5]; ^[6]; Bruggen, Marcus ^[7]; Ogrean, Georgiana A. ^[8]; Forman, William R. ^[1]; Jones, Christine ^[1]; ^[9]; ^[10]; Wittman, David ^[11]; Jee, M. James ^[12]; Kraft, Ralph P. ^[1]; ^[13]; Stroe, Andra ^[14]; Fogarty, Kevin ^[15]

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune (India)
Pusan National Univ., Busan (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Earth Sciences
Ulsan National Inst. of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan (Korea). Dept. of Physics; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Inst., Daejeon (Korea)
Hamburg Univ., Hamburg (Germany). Hamburger Sternwarte
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Dept. of Physics and JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements
Univ. de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (Brazil). Dept. de Astronomia - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Univ. de Lisboa, Lisbon (Portugal). Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco
Yonsei Univ., Seoul (Korea). Dept. of Astronomy and Center for Galaxy Evolution Research
Lancaster Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Leiden Univ. (Netherlands). Leiden Observatory
European Southern Observatory, Garching (Germany)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy

On the largest scales, the Universe consists of voids and filaments making up the cosmic web. Galaxy clusters are located at the knots in this web, at the intersection of filaments. Clusters grow through accretion from these large-scale filaments and by mergers with other clusters and groups. In a growing number of galaxy clusters, elongated Mpc-sized radio sources have been found. Also known as radio relics, these regions of diffuse radio emission are thought to trace relativistic electrons in the intracluster plasma accelerated by low-Mach-number shocks generated by cluster–cluster merger events. A long-standing problem is how low-Mach-number shocks can accelerate electrons so efficiently to explain the observed radio relics. Here, we report the discovery of a direct connection between a radio relic and a radio galaxy in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 3411–3412 by combining radio, X-ray and optical observations. This discovery indicates that fossil relativistic electrons from active galactic nuclei are re-accelerated at cluster shocks. Lastly, it also implies that radio galaxies play an important role in governing the non-thermal component of the intracluster medium in merging clusters.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1430992

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--703259

Journal Information:: Nature Astronomy, Journal Name: Nature Astronomy Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 1; ISSN 2397-3366

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Halo concentration, galaxy red fraction, and gas properties of optically defined merging clusters† Okabe, Nobuhiro; Oguri, Masamune; Akamatsu, Hiroki Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 71, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz059	journal	July 2019
Gentle reenergization of electrons in merging galaxy clusters de Gasperin, Francesco; Intema, Huib T.; Shimwell, Timothy W. Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701634	journal	October 2017
Deep 230-470 MHz VLA observations of the mini-halo in the Perseus cluster Gendron-Marsolais, M.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; Van Weeren, Rj Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.23064	text	January 2017
Mystery solved: discovery of extended radio emission in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2146 Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; Gendron-Marsolais, M-L; Fecteau-Beaucage, D. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.24164	text	January 2018
Chandra and JVLA Observations of HST Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 van Weeren, R. J.; Ogrean, G. A.; Jones, C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 835, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/197	journal	January 2017
MC ² : Multiwavelength and Dynamical Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster ZwCl 0008.8+5215: An Older and Less Massive Bullet Cluster Golovich, Nathan; Weeren, Reinout J. van; Dawson, William A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa667f	journal	March 2017
MC ² : A Deeper Look at ZwCl 2341.1+0000 with Bayesian Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing Analyses Benson, B.; Wittman, D. M.; Golovich, N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 841, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6d66	journal	May 2017
VLA Radio Observations of the HST Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744: The Discovery of New Radio Relics Pearce, C. J. J.; van Weeren, R. J.; Andrade-Santos, F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 845, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa7e2f	journal	August 2017
Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1–2 GHz Rajpurohit, K.; Hoeft, M.; van Weeren, R. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9f13	journal	January 2018
Properties of Merger Shocks in Merging Galaxy Clusters Ha, Ji-Hoon; Ryu, Dongsu; Kang, Hyesung The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab4a2	journal	April 2018
Probing the Curious Case of a Galaxy Cluster Merger in Abell 115 with High-fidelity Chandra X-Ray Temperature and Radio Maps Hallman, Eric J.; Alden, Brian; Rapetti, David The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabf3a	journal	May 2018
Simulated Analogs of Merging Galaxy Clusters Constrain the Viewing Angle Wittman, David; Cornell, B. Hunter; Nguyen, Jayke The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aacf3e	journal	August 2018
Deep Very Large Array Observations of the Merging Cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301: Continuum and Spectral Imaging Gennaro, G. Di; van Weeren, R. J.; Hoeft, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad738	journal	September 2018
A Cool Core Disturbed: Observational Evidence for the Coexistence of Subsonic Sloshing Gas and Stripped Shock-heated Gas around the Core of RX J1347.5–1145 Ueda, Shutaro; Kitayama, Tetsu; Oguri, Masamune The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadd9d	journal	October 2018
Evidence for a Merger-induced Shock Wave in ZwCl 0008.8+5215 with Chandra and Suzaku Di Gennaro, G.; van Weeren, R. J.; Andrade-Santos, F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab03cd	journal	March 2019
Brightest Cluster Galaxy Alignments in Merging Clusters Wittman, David; Foote, Drake; Golovich, Nathan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0a0a	journal	March 2019
Multiwavelength Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster A115 Kim, Mincheol; Jee, M. James; Finner, Kyle The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0d7c	journal	April 2019
Interactions between Radio Galaxies and Cluster Shocks. I. Jet Axes Aligned with Shock Normals Nolting, Chris; Jones, T. W.; O’Neill, Brian J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab16d6	journal	May 2019
Merging Cluster Collaboration: A Panchromatic Atlas of Radio Relic Mergers Golovich, N.; Dawson, W. A.; Wittman, D. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f90	journal	September 2019
Forming One of the Most Massive Objects in the Universe: The Quadruple Merger in Abell 1758 Schellenberger, G.; David, L.; O’Sullivan, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab35e4	journal	September 2019
A Fresh Look at Narrow-angle Tail Radio Galaxy Dynamics, Evolution, and Emissions O’Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab40b1	journal	October 2019
Simulated Interactions between Radio Galaxies and Cluster Shocks. II. Jet Axes Orthogonal to Shock Normals Nolting, Chris; Jones, T. W.; O’Neill, Brian J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4650	journal	November 2019
Chandra Observations of the Spectacular A3411–12 Merger Event Andrade-Santos, Felipe; van Weeren, Reinout J.; Di Gennaro, Gabriella The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4ce5	journal	December 2019
Shocked Narrow-angle Tail Radio Galaxies: Simulations and Emissions O’Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4efa	journal	December 2019
Merging Cluster Collaboration: Optical and Spectroscopic Survey of a Radio-selected Sample of 29 Merging Galaxy Clusters Golovich, N.; Dawson, W. A.; Wittman, D. M. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aaf88b	journal	February 2019
Deep 230-470 MHz VLA Observations of the mini-halo in the Perseus Cluster Gendron-Marsolais, M.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; van Weeren, R. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1701.03791	text	January 2017
Deep LOFAR observations of the merging galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301 Hoang, D. N.; Shimwell, T. W.; Stroe, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.09903	text	January 2017
VLA Radio Observations of the HST Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744: The Discovery of New Radio Relics Pearce, C. J. J.; van Weeren, R. J.; Andrade-Santos, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.03367	text	January 2017
Gentle re-energisation of electrons in merging galaxy clusters de Gasperin, F.; Intema, H. T.; Shimwell, T. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.06796	text	January 2017
Search for low-frequency diffuse radio emission around a shock in the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0744.9+3927 Wilber, Amanda; Brüggen, Marcus; Bonafede, Annalisa arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.06791	text	January 2018
Twin radio relics in a near-by low-mass galaxy cluster Abell 168 Dwarakanath, K. S.; Parekh, Viral; Kale, Ruta arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.06129	text	January 2018
LOFAR discovery of a double radio halo system in Abell 1758 and radio/X-ray study of the cluster pair Botteon, A.; Shimwell, T. W.; Bonafede, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.09187	text	January 2018
Merging Cluster Collaboration: A Panchromatic Atlas of Radio Relic Mergers Golovich, Nathan; Dawson, William A.; Wittman, David M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.10619	text	January 2018
A study of spectral curvature in the radio relic in Abell 4038 using the uGMRT Kale, Ruta; Parekh, Viral; Dwarakanath, K. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.04057	text	January 2018
Cool core disturbed: Observational evidence for coexistence of sub-sonic sloshing gas and stripped shock-heated gas around the core of RX J1347.5-1145 Ueda, Shutaro; Kitayama, Tetsu; Oguri, Masamune arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.09232	text	January 2018
Brightest Cluster Galaxy Alignments in Merging Clusters Wittman, David; Foote, Drake; Golovich, Nathan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.01809	text	January 2018
Ultra-steep spectrum emission in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 1914 Mandal, S.; Intema, H. T.; Shimwell, T. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.08430	text	January 2018
Radio observations of the merging galaxy cluster Abell 520 Hoang, D. N.; Shimwell, T. W.; van Weeren, R. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.09713	text	January 2018
Halo Concentration, Galaxy Red Fraction, and Gas Properties of Optically-defined Merging Clusters Okabe, Nobuhiro; Oguri, Masamune; Akamatsu, Hiroki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.07481	text	January 2018
The Expanded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Patra, N. N.; Kanekar, N.; Chengalur, J. N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.00906	text	January 2019
Role of intracluster supernovae in radio mini-halos in galaxy clusters Omar, Amitesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.02994	text	January 2019
A merger shock in Abell 1367 Ge, Chong; Sun, Ming; Liu, Ruo-Yu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.08803	text	January 2019
A Massive Cluster at z = 0.288 Caught in the Process of Formation: The Case of Abell 959 Bîrzan, L.; Rafferty, D. A.; Cassano, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.10156	text	January 2019
A Fresh Look at Narrow-Angle Tail Radio Galaxy Dynamics, Evolution and Emissions O'Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.02595	text	January 2019
Shocked Narrow-Angle Tail Radio Galaxies: Simulations and Emissions O'Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.08231	text	January 2019

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