A core–shell electrode for dynamically and statically stable Li–S battery chemistry

Chung, Sheng-Heng; Chang, Chi-Hao; Manthiram, Arumugam

doi:10.1039/c6ee01280a

A core–shell electrode for dynamically and statically stable Li–S battery chemistry

Journal Article · Wed Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01280a· OSTI ID:1430184

Chung, Sheng-Heng ^[1]; Chang, Chi-Hao ^[2]; Manthiram, Arumugam ^[2]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute; University of Texas at Austin
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute

Sulfur is an appealing cathode material for establishing advanced lithium batteries as it offers a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mA h g^-1 at low material and operating costs. However, the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) electrochemical cells face several formidable challenges arising from both the materials chemistry (e.g., low electrochemical utilization of sulfur and severe polysulfide diffusion) and battery chemistry (e.g., dynamic and static instability and low sulfur loadings). Here in this study, we present the design of a core–shell cathode with a pure sulfur core shielded within a conductive shell-shaped electrode. The new electrode configuration allows Li–S cells to load with a high amount of sulfur (sulfur loadings of up to 30 mg cm^-2 and sulfur content approaching 70 wt%). The core–shell cathodes demonstrate a superior dynamic and static electrochemical stability in Li–S cells. The high-loading cathodes exhibit (i) a high sulfur utilization of up to 97% at C/20–C/2 rates and (ii) a low self-discharge during long-term cell storage for a three-month rest period and at different cell-storage conditions. Finally, a polysulfide-trap cell configuration is designed to evidence the eliminations of polysulfide diffusion and to investigate the relationship between the electrode configuration and electrochemical characteristics. Finally, the comprehensive analytical results based on the high-loading cathodes suggest that (i) the core–shell cathode is a promising solution for designing highly reversible Li–S cells and (ii) the polysulfide-trap cell configuration is a viable approach to qualitatively evaluating the presence or absence of polysulfide diffusion.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007218

OSTI ID:: 1430184

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1487236

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 9; ISSN EESNBY; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Recent innovative configurations in high-energy lithium–sulfur batteries Liu, Ming; Qin, Xianying; He, Yan-Bing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00290d	journal	January 2017
Harnessing the unique properties of 2D materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries Li, Bin; Xu, Hongfei; Ma, Yang Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nh00170g	journal	January 2019
A three-dimensional self-assembled SnS ₂ -nano-dots@graphene hybrid aerogel as an efficient polysulfide reservoir for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries Luo, Liu; Chung, Sheng-Heng; Manthiram, Arumugam Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01089g	journal	January 2018
Electrostatic trapping of polysulfides enabled by imidazolium-based ionic polymers for high-energy-density lithium–sulfur batteries Cheng, Zhibin; Pan, Hui; Xiao, Zhubing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01298a	journal	January 2018
A core–shell cathode substrate for developing high-loading, high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries Yu, Ran; Chung, Sheng-Heng; Chen, Chun-Hua Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09059a	journal	January 2018
Current-density dependence of Li ₂ S/Li ₂ S ₂ growth in lithium–sulfur batteries Kong, Long; Chen, Jin-Xiu; Peng, Hong-Jie Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01257e	journal	January 2019
MOF-derived nitrogen-doped core–shell hierarchical porous carbon confining selenium for advanced lithium–selenium batteries Song, Jian-Ping; Wu, Liang; Dong, Wen-Da Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr00924h	journal	January 2019
Self-Discharge Behavior of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries at Different Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratios Shen, Chao; Xie, Jianxin; Zhang, Mei Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0461903jes	journal	January 2019
Flow Battery Molecular Reactant Stability Determined by Symmetric Cell Cycling Methods Goulet, Marc-Antoni; Aziz, Michael J. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0891807jes	journal	January 2018
Low-Temperature Conductivity Study of Multiorganic Solvent Electrolyte for Lithium-Sulfur Rechargeable Battery Application Dharavath, Ravindar; Murali, Ashwin; Tarapathi, Abdul Wasi International Journal of Electrochemistry, Vol. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8192931	journal	November 2019

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