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The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates

Journal Article · · Reviews of Geophysics (1985)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000534· OSTI ID:1427976
 [1];  [2]
  1. U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA (United States); U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences
+ Show Author Affiliations

Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally-occurring, and highly-concentrated form of methane, sequesters significant carbon in the global system and is stable only over a range of low-temperature and moderate-pressure conditions. Gas hydrate is widespread in the sediments of marine continental margins and permafrost areas, locations where ocean and atmospheric warming may perturb the hydrate stability field and lead to release of the sequestered methane into the overlying sediments and soils. Methane and methane-derived carbon that escape from sediments and soils and reach the atmosphere could exacerbate greenhouse warming. The synergy between warming climate and gas hydrate dissociation feeds a popular perception that global warming could drive catastrophic methane releases from the contemporary gas hydrate reservoir. Appropriate evaluation of the two sides of the climate-methane hydrate synergy requires assessing direct and indirect observational data related to gas hydrate dissociation phenomena and numerical models that track the interaction of gas hydrates/methane with the ocean and/or atmosphere. Methane hydrate is likely undergoing dissociation now on global upper continental slopes and on continental shelves that ring the Arctic Ocean. Many factors—the depth of the gas hydrates in sediments, strong sediment and water column sinks, and the inability of bubbles emitted at the seafloor to deliver methane to the sea-air interface in most cases—mitigate the impact of gas hydrate dissociation on atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations though. There is no conclusive proof that hydrate-derived methane is reaching the atmosphere now, but more observational data and improved numerical models will better characterize the climate-hydrate synergy in the future.

Research Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE); United States Geological Survey (USGS); National Science Foundation (NSF) (United States)
Grant/Contract Number:
FE0002911; FE0005806; FE0023495; FE0026195; FE0028980
OSTI ID:
1427976
Journal Information:
Reviews of Geophysics (1985), Journal Name: Reviews of Geophysics (1985) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 55; ISSN 8755-1209
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Paleomagnetic polarity reversals in Marinoan (ca. 600 Ma) glacial deposits of Australia: Implications for the duration of low-latitude glaciation in Neoproterozoic time journal August 1999
Gas hydrate that breaches the sea floor on the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico journal January 1994
Marine pore-water sulfate profiles indicate in situ methane flux from underlying gas hydrate journal January 1996
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Probable patterns of gas flow and hydrate accretion at the base of the hydrate stability zone journal December 2014
Seafloor geomorphic manifestations of gas venting and shallow subbottom gas hydrate occurrences journal April 2015
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The end of the ice age journal January 1990
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A Sleeping Giant journal January 2005
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Gas Hydrates of the Peruvian Outer Continental Margin book May 1990
Gas hydrate estimates from newly determined oxygen isotopic fractionation (aGH-IW) and d18O anomalies of the interstitial waters: Leg 164, Blake Ridge book January 2000
Noble gases in methane hydrate from the Blake Ridge book January 2000
National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project: geologic assessment of undiscovered gas hydrate resources on the North Slope, Alaska report January 2014
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Physical control on methanotrophic potential in waters of the Santa Monica Basin, Southern California journal March 2012
Preparation of natural methane samples for stable isotope and radiocarbon analysis: Methane isotope analysis journal September 2005
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Improved quantification of microbial CH 4 oxidation efficiency in arctic wetland soils using carbon isotope fractionation journal January 2013
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Vertical distribution of methane oxidation and methanotrophic response to elevated methane concentrations in stratified waters of the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) journal January 2013
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Gas emissions at the continental margin west of Svalbard: mapping, sampling, and quantification journal January 2014
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Down the Rabbit Hole: toward appropriate discussion of methane release from gas hydrate systems during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and other past hyperthermal events journal January 2011
Enrichment in 13 C of atmospheric CH 4 during the Younger Dryas termination journal January 2012
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Enrichment in 13C of atmospheric CH4 during the Younger Dryas termination journal January 2011
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Vertical distribution of methane oxidation and methanotrophic response to elevated methane concentrations in stratified waters of the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) text January 2013
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Gas Hydrates in Marine Sediments: Lessons from Scientific Ocean Drilling journal December 2006
Are Proterozoic Cap Carbonates and Isotopic Excursions a Record of Gas Hydrate Destabilization Following Earth’s Coldest Intervals text January 2001
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Anomalously Deep BSR Related to a Transient State of the Gas Hydrate System in the Western Black Sea journal January 2019
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Submarine Permafrost Map in the Arctic Modeled Using 1‐D Transient Heat Flux (SuPerMAP) journal June 2019
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Xenon Hydrate as an Analog of Methane Hydrate in Geologic Systems Out of Thermodynamic Equilibrium journal May 2019
Sedimentation Controls on Methane‐Hydrate Dynamics Across Glacial/Interglacial Stages: An Example From International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1517, Hikurangi Margin journal November 2019
Hydrate‐filled Fracture Formation at Keathley Canyon 151, Gulf of Mexico, and Implications for Non‐vent Sites journal November 2019
Variability of Acoustically Evidenced Methane Bubble Emissions Offshore Western Svalbard journal August 2019
Gas Hydrate Dissociation During Sea‐Level Highstand Inferred From U/Th Dating of Seep Carbonate From the South China Sea journal December 2019
Detection of Gas Hydrates in Faults Using Azimuthal Seismic Velocity Analysis, Vestnesa Ridge, W‐Svalbard Margin journal February 2020
The Effect of Brine on the Electrical Properties of Methane Hydrate journal November 2019
Investigations of Aerobic Methane Oxidation in Two Marine Seep Environments: Part 2—Isotopic Kinetics journal November 2019
Biogeochemical Consequences of Nonvertical Methane Transport in Sediment Offshore Northwestern Svalbard journal March 2020
Space‐Based Observations for Understanding Changes in the Arctic‐Boreal Zone journal January 2020
Gas hydrate dissociation off Svalbard induced by isostatic rebound rather than global warming journal January 2018
Distributed natural gas venting offshore along the Cascadia margin journal August 2018
Global ocean methane emissions dominated by shallow coastal waters journal October 2019
Systemic swings in end-Permian climate from Siberian Traps carbon and sulfur outgassing journal November 2018
Anaerobic methanotrophic communities thrive in deep submarine permafrost journal January 2018
Methane release from the southern Brazilian margin during the last glacial journal April 2018
The benthic foraminiferal δ34S records flux and timing of paleo methane emissions journal January 2020
Molecular-scale thermally activated fractures in methane hydrates: a molecular dynamics study journal January 2019
Interpreting contemporary trends in atmospheric methane journal February 2019
Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017 journal April 2019
High-resolution resistivity imaging of marine gas hydrate structures by combined inversion of CSEM towed and ocean-bottom receiver data journal June 2018
Microbial metabolism and adaptations in Atribacteria-dominated methane hydrate sediments journal June 2021
Limited contribution of ancient methane to surface waters of the U.S. Beaufort Sea shelf journal January 2018
A 160,000-year-old history of tectonically controlled methane seepage in the Arctic journal August 2019
Massive blow-out craters formed by hydrate-controlled methane expulsion from the Arctic seafloor journal June 2017
Northern Eurasia Future Initiative (NEFI): facing the challenges and pathways of global change in the twenty-first century journal December 2017
An All-At-Once Newton Strategy for Marine Methane Hydrate Reservoir Models journal January 2020
Gas Hydrate Estimate in an Area of Deformation and High Heat Flow at the Chile Triple Junction journal January 2019
Evidences for Paleo-Gas Hydrate Occurrence: What We Can Infer for the Miocene of the Northern Apennines (Italy) journal March 2019
Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf journal June 2019
The origin of methane in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf unraveled with triple isotope analysis journal January 2017
Vivianite formation in methane-rich deep-sea sediments from the South China Sea journal January 2018
Can anaerobic oxidation of methane prevent seafloor gas escape in a warming climate? journal January 2019

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Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES
climate
global warming
greenhouse gas
methane hydrate