Liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing secondary organic material free of inorganic salts

Song, Mijung; Liu, Pengfei; Martin, Scot T.; Bertram, Allan K.

doi:10.5194/acp-17-11261-2017

Title: Liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing secondary organic material free of inorganic salts

Journal Article · Mon Sep 25 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11261-2017· OSTI ID:1425661

Song, Mijung ^[1];

^[2]; Martin, Scot T. ^[3];

^[4]

Chonbuk National Univ., Jeollabuk-do (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Chemistry

Particles containing secondary organic material (SOM) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and play a role in climate and air quality. Recently, research has shown that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) occurs at high relative humidity (RH) (greater than ~95 %) in α-pinene-derived SOM particles free of inorganic salts, while LLPS does not occur in isoprene-derived SOM particles free of inorganic salts. We expand on these findings by investigating LLPS at 290 ± 1 K in SOM particles free of inorganic salts produced from ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene, ozonolysis of limonene, and photo-oxidation of toluene. LLPS was observed at greater than ~95 % RH in the biogenic SOM particles derived from β-caryophyllene and limonene while LLPS was not observed in the anthropogenic SOM particles derived from toluene. This work combined with the earlier work on LLPS in SOM particles free of inorganic salts suggests that the occurrence of LLPS in SOM particles free of inorganic salts is related to the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio (O : C) of the organic material. These results help explain the difference between the hygroscopic parameter κ of SOM particles measured above and below water saturation in the laboratory and field, and have implications for predicting the cloud condensation nucleation properties of SOM particles.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012792

OSTI ID:: 1425661

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Vol. 17, Issue 18; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 38 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (79)

Direct imaging of changes in aerosol particle viscosity upon hydration and chemical aging Hosny, N. A.; Fitzgerald, C.; Vyšniauskas, A. Chemical Science, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC02959G	journal	January 2016
The morphology of aerosol particles consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases: hydrocarbons, alcohols and fatty acids as the hydrophobic component Reid, Jonathan P.; Dennis-Smither, Benjamin J.; Kwamena, Nana-Owusua A. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21510h	journal	January 2011
Liquid-liquid phase separation in aerosol particles: Dependence on O:C, organic functionalities, and compositional complexity: PHASE SEPARATION Song, M.; Marcolli, C.; Krieger, U. K. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052807	journal	October 2012
Liquid-liquid phase separation and morphology of internally mixed dicarboxylic acids/ammonium sulfate/water particles Song, M.; Marcolli, C.; Krieger, U. K. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2691-2012	journal	January 2012
Influence of gas-to-particle partitioning on the hygroscopic and droplet activation behaviour of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol Jurányi, Zsófia; Gysel, Martin; Duplissy, Jonathan Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/b904162a	journal	January 2009
Oligomers in the Early Stage of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Growth Heaton, Katherine J.; Dreyfus, Matthew A.; Wang, Shenyi Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/es070314n	journal	September 2007
Mass spectral characterization of submicron biogenic organic particles in the Amazon Basin Chen, Q.; Farmer, D. K.; Schneider, J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039880	journal	January 2009
Organic functional groups in aerosol particles from burning and non-burning forest emissions at a high-elevation mountain site Takahama, S.; Schwartz, R. E.; Russell, L. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6367-2011	journal	January 2011
Liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing organics mixed with ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium nitrate or sodium chloride You, Y.; Renbaum-Wolff, L.; Bertram, A. K. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-11723-2013	journal	January 2013
Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies Ervens, B.; Turpin, B. J.; Weber, R. J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011	journal	January 2011
Phase of atmospheric secondary organic material affects its reactivity Kuwata, M.; Martin, S. T. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209071109	journal	October 2012
Reconciliation of measurements of hygroscopic growth and critical supersaturation of aerosol particles in central Germany Irwin, M.; Good, N.; Crosier, J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11737-2010	journal	January 2010
CCN activation of slightly soluble organics: the importance of small amounts of inorganic salt and particle phase Bilde, Merete; Svenningsson, Birgitta Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 56, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v56i2.16406	journal	January 2004
High molecular weight SOA formation during limonene ozonolysis: insights from ultrahigh-resolution FT-ICR mass spectrometry characterization Kundu, S.; Fisseha, R.; Putman, A. L. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5523-2012	journal	January 2012
Gas/particle partitioning of neutral and ionizing compounds to single and multi-phase aerosol particles. 1. Unified modeling framework Pankow, James F. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 37, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00346-7	journal	August 2003
Time-resolved molecular characterization of limonene/ozone aerosol using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Bateman, Adam P.; Nizkorodov, Sergey A.; Laskin, Julia Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/b905288g	journal	January 2009
Liquid−Liquid Phase Separation in Mixed Organic/Inorganic Aerosol Particles Ciobanu, V. Gabriela; Marcolli, Claudia; Krieger, Ulrich K. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 113, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp905054d	journal	October 2009
CCN activity and volatility of β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol Frosch, M.; Bilde, M.; Nenes, A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-2283-2013	journal	January 2013
Predicting the relative humidities of liquid-liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio of the organic component Bertram, A. K.; Martin, S. T.; Hanna, S. J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10995-2011	journal	January 2011
The effect of photochemical ageing and initial precursor concentration on the composition and hygroscopic properties of β-caryophyllene secondary organic aerosol Alfarra, M. R.; Hamilton, J. F.; Wyche, K. P. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6417-2012	journal	January 2012
Observations and implications of liquid–liquid phase separation at high relative humidities in secondary organic material produced by α -pinene ozonolysis without inorganic salts Renbaum-Wolff, Lindsay; Song, Mijung; Marcolli, Claudia Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7969-2016	journal	January 2016
Composition and hygroscopicity of the Los Angeles Aerosol: CalNex: LOS ANGELES AEROSOL: CALNEX Hersey, Scott P.; Craven, Jill S.; Metcalf, Andrew R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50307	journal	April 2013
Mixing of secondary organic aerosols versus relative humidity Ye, Qing; Robinson, Ellis Shipley; Ding, Xiang Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604536113	journal	October 2016
Chemical Reactivity and Liquid/Nonliquid States of Secondary Organic Material Li, Yong Jie; Liu, Pengfei; Gong, Zhaoheng Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03392	journal	October 2015
Organic Aerosol Mixing Observed by Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry Robinson, Ellis Shipley; Saleh, Rawad; Donahue, Neil M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 117, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp405789t	journal	November 2013
Morphologies of mixed organic/inorganic/aqueous aerosol droplets Song, Mijung; Marcolli, Claudia; Krieger, Ulrich K. Faraday Discussions, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fd00049d	journal	January 2013
Aerosol mass spectrometer constraint on the global secondary organic aerosol budget Spracklen, D. V.; Jimenez, J. L.; Carslaw, K. S. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12109-2011	journal	January 2011
Towards closing the gap between hygroscopic growth and activation for secondary organic aerosol – Part 2: Theoretical approaches Petters, M. D.; Wex, H.; Carrico, C. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-3999-2009	journal	January 2009
Deliquescence, efflorescence, and phase miscibility of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate and isoprene-derived secondary organic material Smith, M. L.; Bertram, A. K.; Martin, S. T. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9613-2012	journal	January 2012
Discontinuities in hygroscopic growth below and above water saturation for laboratory surrogates of oligomers in organic atmospheric aerosols Hodas, Natasha; Zuend, Andreas; Schilling, Katherine Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12767-2016	journal	January 2016
A simplified description of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in the atmosphere: VAN KREVELEN DIAGRAM OF ORGANIC AEROSOL Heald, C. L.; Kroll, J. H.; Jimenez, J. L. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042737	journal	April 2010
Phase Transitions of Aqueous Atmospheric Particles Martin, Scot T. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr990034t	journal	September 2000
Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) Kang, E.; Root, M. J.; Toohey, D. W. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5727-2007	journal	January 2007
Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes: UBIQUITY AND DOMINANCE OF OXYGENATED OA Zhang, Q.; Jimenez, J. L.; Canagaratna, M. R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029979	journal	July 2007
Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review Kanakidou, M.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005	journal	January 2005
Liquid–liquid phase separation in atmospherically relevant particles consisting of organic species and inorganic salts You, Yuan; Smith, Mackenzie L.; Song, Mijung International Reviews in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 33, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/0144235X.2014.890786	journal	January 2014
Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere Jimenez, J. L.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Donahue, N. M. Science, Vol. 326, Issue 5959 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353	journal	December 2009
Size Dependence of the Structure of Organic Aerosol Veghte, Daniel P.; Altaf, Muhammad Bilal; Freedman, Miriam Arak Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja408903g	journal	October 2013
Relative humidity-dependent viscosities of isoprene-derived secondary organic material and atmospheric implications for isoprene-dominant forests Song, M.; Liu, P. F.; Hanna, S. J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5145-2015	journal	January 2015
Cloud condensation nuclei activity, droplet growth kinetics, and hygroscopicity of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) Zhao, D. F.; Buchholz, A.; Kortner, B. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1105-2016	journal	January 2016
The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues Hallquist, M.; Wenger, J. C.; Baltensperger, U. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009	journal	January 2009
Relative roles of biogenic emissions and Saharan dust as ice nuclei in the Amazon basin Prenni, Anthony J.; Petters, Markus D.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo517	journal	May 2009
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity Petters, M. D.; Kreidenweis, S. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1961-2007	journal	January 2007
Particle-Phase Chemistry of Secondary Organic Material: Modeled Compared to Measured O:C and H:C Elemental Ratios Provide Constraints Chen, Qi; Liu, Yingjun; Donahue, Neil M. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/es104398s	journal	June 2011
Water uptake by biomass burning aerosol at sub- and supersaturated conditions: closure studies and implications for the role of organics Dusek, U.; Frank, G. P.; Massling, A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9519-2011	journal	January 2011
Modeling the gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol: the importance of liquid-liquid phase separation Zuend, A.; Seinfeld, J. H. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3857-2012	journal	January 2012
Relationship between aerosol oxidation level and hygroscopic properties of laboratory generated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles: HYGROSCOPICITY OF LABORATORY SOA Massoli, P.; Lambe, A. T.; Ahern, A. T. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045258	journal	December 2010
Phase Changes during Hygroscopic Cycles of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Model Systems of Tropospheric Aerosols Marcolli, Claudia; Krieger, Ulrich K. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 110, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0556759	journal	February 2006
Improved AIOMFAC model parameterisation of the temperature dependence of activity coefficients for aqueous organic mixtures Ganbavale, G.; Zuend, A.; Marcolli, C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-447-2015	journal	January 2015
Effect of oxidant concentration, exposure time, and seed particles on secondary organic aerosol chemical composition and yield Lambe, A. T.; Chhabra, P. S.; Onasch, T. B. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3063-2015	journal	January 2015
The Surface Tension of Pure Liquid Compounds Jasper, Joseph J. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3253106	journal	October 1972
LXXI.—A study of the properties of some strong solutions Pickering, Spencer Umfreville J. Chem. Soc., Trans., Vol. 63, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8936300998	journal	January 1893
Loading-dependent elemental composition of α-pinene SOA particles Shilling, J. E.; Chen, Q.; King, S. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-771-2009	journal	January 2009
Computation of liquid-liquid equilibria and phase stabilities: implications for RH-dependent gas/particle partitioning of organic-inorganic aerosols Zuend, A.; Marcolli, C.; Peter, T. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7795-2010	journal	January 2010
Size-resolved aerosol water uptake and cloud condensation nuclei measurements as measured above a Southeast Asian rainforest during OP3 Irwin, M.; Robinson, N.; Allan, J. D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11157-2011	journal	January 2011
Deliquescence of malonic, succinic, glutaric, and adipic acid particles: DELIQUESCENCE OF ORGANIC ACID PARTICLES Parsons, Matthew T.; Mak, Jackson; Lipetz, Sarah R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 109, Issue D6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004075	journal	March 2004
Cloud droplet activation of polymerized organic aerosol Petters, Markus D.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Snider, Jefferson R. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00181.x	journal	January 2006
Cloud activation of single-component organic aerosol particles Raymond, Timothy M. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue D24 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002159	journal	January 2002
Exploring the complexity of aerosol particle properties and processes using single particle techniques Krieger, Ulrich K.; Marcolli, Claudia; Reid, Jonathan P. Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 41, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35082c	journal	January 2012
Widening the gap between measurement and modelling of secondary organic aerosol properties? Good, N.; Topping, D. O.; Duplissy, J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2577-2010	journal	January 2010
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Aerosol Particles: Imaging at the Nanometer Scale O’Brien, Rachel E.; Wang, Bingbing; Kelly, Stephen T. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00062	journal	April 2015
Adsorptive uptake of water by semisolid secondary organic aerosols: Water uptake of SOA Pajunoja, Aki; Lambe, Andrew T.; Hakala, Jani Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063142	journal	April 2015
Lability of secondary organic particulate matter Liu, Pengfei; Li, Yong Jie; Wang, Yan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603138113	journal	October 2016
Complex Refractive Indices of Thin Films of Secondary Organic Materials by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry from 220 to 1200 nm Liu, Pengfei; Zhang, Yue; Martin, Scot T. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/es403411e	journal	November 2013
Ultraviolet and visible complex refractive indices of secondary organic material produced by photooxidation of the aromatic compounds toluene and m -xylene Liu, P. F.; Abdelmalki, N.; Hung, H. -M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-1435-2015	journal	January 2015
Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Secondary Organic Material Produced by Condensational Growth from α-Pinene Ozonolysis Shrestha, Mona; Zhang, Yue; Ebben, Carlena J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 117, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp405065d	journal	August 2013
Rainforest Aerosols as Biogenic Nuclei of Clouds and Precipitation in the Amazon Poschl, U.; Martin, S. T.; Sinha, B. Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5998 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191056	journal	September 2010
Ultrahigh Mass Resolution and Accurate Mass Measurements as a Tool To Characterize Oligomers in Secondary Organic Aerosols Reinhardt, Alain; Emmenegger, Christian; Gerrits, Bertran Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 79, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac062425v	journal	June 2007
Crystallization of Aqueous Ammonium Sulfate Particles Internally Mixed with Soot and Kaolinite: Crystallization Relative Humidities and Nucleation Rates Pant, Atul; Parsons, Matthew T.; Bertram, Allan K. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 110, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp060985s	journal	July 2006
Cloud droplet activation of secondary organic aerosol: CLOUD DROPLET ACTIVATION Prenni, Anthony J.; Petters, Markus D.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 112, Issue D10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007963	journal	May 2007
Redistribution of black carbon in aerosol particles undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation: Black carbon in phase-separated aerosols Brunamonti, S.; Krieger, U. K.; Marcolli, C. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062908	journal	April 2015
Heterogeneous ice nucleation on phase-separated organic-sulfate particles: effect of liquid vs. glassy coatings Schill, G. P.; Tolbert, M. A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4681-2013	journal	January 2013
CCN activation of slightly soluble organics: the importance of small amounts of inorganic salt and particle phase Bilde, Merete; Svenningsson, Birgitta Tellus B, Vol. 56, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2004.00090.x	journal	April 2004
Secondary organic aerosol formation and transport Pandis, Spyros N.; Harley, Robert A.; Cass, Glen R. Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, Vol. 26, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90358-R	journal	September 1992
Liquid-liquid equilibria of ternary systems of water + acetone and C5 and C8 alcohols at 298, 303 and 308 K Tiryaki, A.; Gürüz, G.; Orbey, H. Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol. 94 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(94)87061-6	journal	March 1994
The influence of the temperature on the liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary system 1-butanol–1-propanol–water Gomis-Yagües, V.; Ruı́z-Beviá, F.; Ramos-Nofuentes, M. Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol. 149, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3812(98)00315-x	journal	August 1998
Thermodynamic Properties and Nucleation Processes of Upper Tropospheric and Lower Stratospheric Aerosol Particles A., Knopf, Daniel ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004555208	text	January 2003
Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review Kanakidou, M.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-5855-2004	journal	January 2004
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity Petters, M. D.; Kreidenweis, S. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-8435-2006	journal	January 2006

Cited By (7)

Multiphase reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is driven by phase separation and diffusion limitations Zhou, Shouming; Hwang, Brian C. H.; Lakey, Pascale S. J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902517116	journal	May 2019
Liquid–liquid phase separation in organic particles containing one and two organic species: importance of the average O : C Song, Mijung; Ham, Suhan; Andrews, Ryan J. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12075-2018	journal	January 2018
Liquid–liquid phase separation and viscosity within secondary organic aerosol generated from diesel fuel vapors Song, Mijung; Maclean, Adrian M.; Huang, Yuanzhou Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12515-2019	journal	January 2019
A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies Tang, Mingjin; Chan, Chak K.; Li, Yong Jie Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12631-2019	journal	January 2019
Resolving the mechanisms of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nuclei activity for organic particulate matter Liu, Pengfei; Song, Mijung; Zhao, Tianning Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06622-2	journal	October 2018
Liquid–liquid phase separation and morphologies in organic particles consisting of <i>α</i>-pinene and <i>β</i>-caryophyllene ozonolysis products and mixtures with commercially available organic compounds Song, Young-Chul; Bé, Ariana G.; Martin, Scot T. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11263-2020	journal	October 2020
Effects of liquid–liquid phase separation and relative humidity on the heterogeneous OH oxidation of inorganic–organic aerosols: insights from methylglutaric acid and ammonium sulfate particles Lam, Hoi Ki; Xu, Rongshuang; Choczynski, Jack Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2053-2021	journal	February 2021

Similar Records

Observations and implications of liquid–liquid phase separation at high relative humidities in secondary organic material produced by α-pinene ozonolysis without inorganic salts

Journal Article · Fri Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1425661

Renbaum-Wolff, Lindsay; Song, Mijung; Marcolli, Claudia; +6 more

Relative humidity-dependent viscosity of secondary organic material from toluene photo-oxidation and possible implications for organic particulate matter over megacities

Journal Article · Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1425661

Song, Mijung; Liu, Pengfei F.; Hanna, Sarah J.; +5 more

Reactivity of liquid and semisolid secondary organic carbon with chloride and nitrate in atmospheric aerosols

Journal Article · Thu May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. A, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, and General Theory · OSTI ID:1425661

Wang, Bingbing; O'Brien, Rachel E.; Kelly, Stephen T.; +4 more

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Title: Liquid–liquid phase separation in particles containing secondary organic material free of inorganic salts

Citation Formats

References (79)

Cited By (7)

Similar Records

Related Subjects