Historical releases of mercury to air, land, and water from coal combustion

Streets, David G.; Lu, Zifeng; Levin, Leonard; ter Schure, Arnout F. H.; Sunderland, Elsie M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.207

Historical releases of mercury to air, land, and water from coal combustion

Journal Article · Thu Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Science of the Total Environment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.207· OSTI ID:1422718

Streets, David G. ^[1]; Lu, Zifeng ^[1]; Levin, Leonard ^[2]; ter Schure, Arnout F. H. ^[3]; Sunderland, Elsie M. ^[4]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Energy Systems Division
Electric Power Research Inst. (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Electric Power Research Inst. (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA (United States); NorthPost Partners LLC, San Mateo, CA (United States)
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS); Harvard Univ., Boston, MA (United States). Dept. of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

Coal combustion is one of the largest contemporary sources of anthropogenic mercury (Hg). It releases geologically sequestered Hg to the atmosphere, and fly ash can contaminate terrestrial and aquatic systems. We estimate that coal combustion has released a cumulative total of 38.0 (14.8–98.9, 80% C.I.) Gg (gigagrams, 10⁹ g or thousand tonnes) of Hg to air, land, and water up to the year 2010, most of which (97%) has occurred since 1850. The rate of release has grown by two orders of magnitude from 0.01 Gg yr^-1 in 1850 to 1 Gg yr^-1 in 2010. Geographically, Asia and Europe each account for 32% of cumulative releases and an additional 18% is from North America. About 26.3 (10.2–68.3) Gg, 71% of the total, were directly emitted to the atmosphere, mostly from the industrial (45%) and power generation (36%) sectors, while the remainder was disposed of to land and water bodies. While Europe and North America were the major contributing regions until 1950, Asia has surpassed both in recent decades. By 2010, Asia was responsible for 69% of the total releases of Hg from coal combustion to the environment. Control technologies installed on major emitting sources capture mainly particulate and divalent Hg, and therefore the fraction of elemental Hg in emissions from coal combustion has increased over time from 0.46 in 1850 to 0.61 in 2010. About 11.8 (4.6–30.6) Gg of Hg, 31% of the total, have been transferred to land and water bodies through the disposal or utilization of Hg-containing combustion waste and collected fly ash/FGD waste; approximately 8.8 Gg of this Hg have simply been discarded to waste piles or ash ponds or rivers.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1422718

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1549286
OSTI ID: 23100400

Journal Information:: Science of the Total Environment, Journal Name: Science of the Total Environment Journal Issue: C Vol. 615; ISSN 0048-9697

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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