Studying the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the First Spectroscopically Confirmed Supernova at Redshift Two

Smith, M.; Sullivan, M.; Nichol, R. C.; Galbany, L.; D’Andrea, C. B.; Inserra, C.; Lidman, C.; Rest, A.; Schirmer, M.; Filippenko, A. V.; Zheng, W.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Angus, C. R.; Brown, P. J.; Davis, T. M.; Finley, D. A.; Foley, R. J.; González-Gaitán, S.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Kessler, R.; Kuhlmann, S.; Marriner, J.; Möller, A.; Nugent, P. E.; Prajs, S.; Thomas, R.; Wolf, R.; Zenteno, A.; Abbott, T. M.  C.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.; Annis, J.; Bechtol, K.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Burke, D. L.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Kind, M. Carrasco; Carretero, J.; Castander, F. J.; Crocce, M.; Cunha, C. E.; Costa, L. N.  da; Davis, C.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Doel, P.; Eifler, T. F.; Flaugher, B.; Fosalba, P.; Frieman, J.; García-Bellido, J.; Gaztanaga, E.; Gerdes, D. W.; Goldstein, D. A.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Gschwend, J.; Gutierrez, G.; Honscheid, K.; James, D. J.; Johnson, M. W.  G.; Kuehn, K.; Kuropatkin, N.; Li, T. S.; Lima, M.; Maia, M. A.  G.; Marshall, J. L.; Martini, P.; Menanteau, F.; Miller, C. J.; Miquel, R.; Ogando, R. L.  C.; Petravick, D.; Plazas, A. A.; Romer, A. K.; Rykoff, E. S.; Sako, M.; Sanchez, E.; Scarpine, V.; Schindler, R.; Schubnell, M.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Smith, R. C.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, F.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M. E.  C.; Tarle, G.; Walker, A. R.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa126

Title: Studying the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the First Spectroscopically Confirmed Supernova at Redshift Two

Journal Article · Thu Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaa126· OSTI ID:1422471

;

; Nichol, R. C.;

; D’Andrea, C. B.;

;

; Rest, A.;

;

; Zheng, W.;

; Angus, C. R.;

; Davis, T. M.; Finley, D. A.; Foley, R. J.;

;

We present observations of DES16C2nm, the first spectroscopically confirmed hydrogen-free superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) at redshift z~2. DES16C2nm was discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Supernova Program, with follow-up photometric data from the Hubble Space Telescope, Gemini, and the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope supplementing the DES data. Spectroscopic observations confirm DES16C2nm to be at z=1.998, and spectroscopically similar to Gaia16apd (a SLSN-I at z=0.102), with a peak absolute magnitude of U=-22.26±0.06. The high redshift of DES16C2nm provides a unique opportunity to study the ultraviolet (UV) properties of SLSNe-I. Combining DES16C2nm with ten similar events from the literature, we show that there exists a homogeneous class of SLSNe-I in the UV (~2500A), with peak luminosities in the (rest-frame) U band, and increasing absorption to shorter wavelengths. There is no evidence that the mean photometric and spectroscopic properties of SLSNe-I differ between low (z<1) and high redshift (z>1), but there is clear evidence of diversity in the spectrum at <2000A, possibly caused by the variations in temperature between events. No significant correlations are observed between spectral line velocities and photometric luminosity. Using these data, we estimate that SLSNe-I can be discovered to z=3.8 by DES. While SLSNe-I are typically identified from their blue observed colors at low redshift (z<1), we highlight that at z>2 these events appear optically red, peaking in the observer-frame z-band. Such characteristics are critical to identify these objects with future facilities such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Euclid, and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope, which should detect such SLSNe-I to z=3.5, 3.7, and 6.6, respectively.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); European Union (EU); National Science Foundation (NSF); TABASGO Foundation; National Research Council (NRC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Christopher R. Redlich Fund; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (U.C. Berkeley); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Organization:: The DES Collaboration; DES

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; 615929; ST/N000688/1; AST-1311862; NNX15AR41G; AST-1518052; NAS 5-26555; AC02-05CH11231; AST-1138766; AST-1536171; AYA2015-71825; ESP2015-66861; FPA2015-68048; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; 240672; 291329; 306478; AC02-07CH11359; SC0009924

OSTI ID:: 1422471

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1418144; OSTI ID: 1432248; OSTI ID: 1595618

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1712.04535; FERMILAB-PUB-17-380-AE; TRN: US1801605

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 854, Issue 1; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 17 works

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Superluminous supernova progenitors have a half-solar metallicity threshold Chen, T. -W.; Smartt, S. J.; Yates, R. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1605.04925	text	January 2016
Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of A Nearby Hydrogen Poor Superluminous Supernova Gaia16apd Yan, Lin; Quimby, R.; Gal-Yam, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.02782	text	January 2016
Analyzing the Largest Spectroscopic Dataset of Hydrogen-Poor Super-Luminous Supernovae Liu, Yu-Qian; Modjaz, Maryam; Bianco, Federica B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.07321	text	January 2016
The magnetar model for Type I superluminous supernovae I: Bayesian analysis of the full multicolour light curve sample with MOSFiT Nicholl, Matt; Guillochon, James; Berger, Edo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.00825	text	January 2017
The Farthest Known Supernova: Support for an Accelerating Universe and a Glimpse of the Epoch of Deceleration Riess, Adam G.; Nugent, Peter E.; Schmidt, Brian P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0104455	text	January 2001
Photometric redshifts from evolutionary synthesis with PEGASE: the code ZPEG and the z=0 age constraint Borgne, Damien Le; Rocca-Volmerange, Brigitte arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0202359	text	January 2002
The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope Roming, P. W. A.; Kennedy, T. E.; Mason, K. O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0507413	text	January 2005

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