The accurate particle tracer code

Wang, Yulei; Liu, Jian; Qin, Hong; Yu, Zhi; Yao, Yicun

doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2017.07.009

Title: The accurate particle tracer code

Journal Article · Thu Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Computer Physics Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2017.07.009· OSTI ID:1420773

^[1];

^[1]; Qin, Hong ^[2]; Yu, Zhi ^[3]; Yao, Yicun ^[1]

Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China)
Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China); Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States). Princeton Plasma Physics Lab.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui (China)

The Accurate Particle Tracer (APT) code is designed for systematic large-scale applications of geometric algorithms for particle dynamical simulations. Based on a large variety of advanced geometric algorithms, APT possesses long-term numerical accuracy and stability, which are critical for solving multi-scale and nonlinear problems. To provide a flexible and convenient I/O interface, the libraries of Lua and Hdf5 are used. Following a three-step procedure, users can efficiently extend the libraries of electromagnetic configurations, external non-electromagnetic forces, particle pushers, and initialization approaches by use of the extendible module. APT has been used in simulations of key physical problems, such as runaway electrons in tokamaks and energetic particles in Van Allen belt. As an important realization, the APT-SW version has been successfully distributed on the world’s fastest computer, the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer, by supporting master–slave architecture of Sunway many-core processors. Here, based on large-scale simulations of a runaway beam under parameters of the ITER tokamak, it is revealed that the magnetic ripple field can disperse the pitch-angle distribution significantly and improve the confinement of energetic runaway beam on the same time.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: QYZDB-SSW-SYS004; 2015GB111003; 11575185; 11575186; 11261140328

OSTI ID:: 1420773

Journal Information:: Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 220, Issue C; ISSN 0010-4655

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 10 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (64)

A test electron model for the study of three dimensional magnetic reconnection effects Perona, A.; Borgogno, D.; Eriksson, L. -G. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 185, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2013.08.018	journal	January 2014
Electron Acceleration at Reconnecting X‐Points in Solar Flares Hamilton, B.; Fletcher, L.; McClements, K. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 625, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/430100	journal	May 2005
VENUS-LEVIS and its spline-Fourier interpolation of 3D toroidal magnetic field representation for guiding-centre and full-orbit simulations of charged energetic particles Pfefferlé, D.; Cooper, W. A.; Graves, J. P. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 185, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2014.08.007	journal	December 2014
Hamiltonian guiding center drift orbit calculation for plasmas of arbitrary cross section White, R. B.; Chance, M. S. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 27, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864527	journal	January 1984
Latitudinal dependence of nonlinear interaction between electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave and terrestrial ring current ions Su, Zhenpeng; Zhu, Hui; Xiao, Fuliang Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4880036	journal	May 2014
Streamline generation code for particle dynamics description in numerical models of turbulence Dalena, S.; Chuychai, P.; Mace, R. L. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 183, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2012.04.022	journal	September 2012
A new simulation code for particle diffusion in anisotropic, large-scale and turbulent magnetic fields Tautz, Robert C. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 181, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2009.09.002	journal	January 2010
Simulation of runaway electrons during tokamak disruptions Eriksson, L. -G.; Helander, P. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 154, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(03)00293-5	journal	August 2003
Geometric integrators for ODEs McLachlan, Robert I.; Quispel, G. Reinout W. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 39, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/19/S01	journal	April 2006
A symplectic integration algorithm for separable Hamiltonian functions Candy, J.; Rozmus, W. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(91)90299-Z	journal	January 1991
Variational Symplectic Integrator for Long-Time Simulations of the Guiding-Center Motion of Charged Particles in General Magnetic Fields Qin, Hong; Guan, Xiaoyin Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.035006	journal	January 2008
Canonical symplectic particle-in-cell method for long-term large-scale simulations of the Vlasov–Maxwell equations Qin, Hong; Liu, Jian; Xiao, Jianyuan Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/1/014001	journal	December 2015
Why is Boris algorithm so good? Qin, Hong; Zhang, Shuangxi; Xiao, Jianyuan Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4818428	journal	August 2013
Phase-space dynamics of runaway electrons in tokamaks Guan, Xiaoyin; Qin, Hong; Fisch, Nathaniel J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3476268	journal	September 2010
Volume-preserving algorithm for secular relativistic dynamics of charged particles Zhang, Ruili; Liu, Jian; Qin, Hong Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4916570	journal	April 2015
A variational multi-symplectic particle-in-cell algorithm with smoothing functions for the Vlasov-Maxwell system Xiao, Jianyuan; Liu, Jian; Qin, Hong Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4826218	journal	October 2013
Hamiltonian time integrators for Vlasov-Maxwell equations He, Yang; Qin, Hong; Sun, Yajuan Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4938034	journal	December 2015
Canonicalization and symplectic simulation of the gyrocenter dynamics in time-independent magnetic fields Zhang, Ruili; Liu, Jian; Tang, Yifa Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867669	journal	March 2014
Higher order volume-preserving schemes for charged particle dynamics He, Yang; Sun, Yajuan; Liu, Jian Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 305 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2015.10.032	journal	January 2016
Volume-preserving algorithms for charged particle dynamics He, Yang; Sun, Yajuan; Liu, Jian Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 281 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2014.10.032	journal	January 2015
Symplectic integration of Hamiltonian systems Channell, P. J.; Scovel, C. Nonlinearity, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/3/2/001	journal	May 1990
Hybrid symplectic integrators for relativistic particles in electric and magnetic fields Channell, Paul J. Computational Science & Discovery, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1749-4699/7/1/015001	journal	January 2014
Geometric integration of the Vlasov-Maxwell system with a variational particle-in-cell scheme Squire, J.; Qin, H.; Tang, W. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4742985	journal	August 2012
Variational integrators for nonvariational partial differential equations Kraus, Michael; Maj, Omar Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Vol. 310 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2015.08.002	journal	August 2015
Development of variational guiding center algorithms for parallel calculations in experimental magnetic equilibria Ellison, C. Leland; Finn, J. M.; Qin, H. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/5/054007	journal	April 2015
Variational symplectic algorithm for guiding center dynamics in the inner magnetosphere Li, Jinxing; Qin, Hong; Pu, Zuyin Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3589275	journal	May 2011
The accuracy of symplectic integrators McLachlan, R. I.; Atela, P. Nonlinearity, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/5/2/011	journal	March 1992
Variational formulation of macro-particle plasma simulation algorithms Shadwick, B. A.; Stamm, A. B.; Evstatiev, E. G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4874338	journal	May 2014
Splitting K-symplectic methods for non-canonical separable Hamiltonian problems Zhu, Beibei; Zhang, Ruili; Tang, Yifa Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 322 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.06.044	journal	October 2016
Variational symplectic particle-in-cell simulation of nonlinear mode conversion from extraordinary waves to Bernstein waves Xiao, Jianyuan; Liu, Jian; Qin, Hong Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4930118	journal	September 2015
Langevin approach to plasma kinetics with Coulomb collisions Cadjan, M. G.; Ivanov, M. F. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377898007363	journal	January 1999
The Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer: system and applications Fu, Haohuan; Liao, Junfeng; Yang, Jinzhe Science China Information Sciences, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-016-5588-7	journal	June 2016
Collisionless pitch-angle scattering of runaway electrons Liu, Jian; Wang, Yulei; Qin, Hong Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/6/064002	journal	May 2016
Fast particle resonances in tokamaks Rax, J. M.; Fisch, N. J.; Laurent, L. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 35, Issue SB https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/35/SB/010	journal	December 1993
Electron and Ion Runaway in a Fully Ionized Gas. I Dreicer, H. Physical Review, Vol. 115, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.115.238	journal	July 1959
Relativistic limitations on runaway electrons Connor, J. W.; Hastie, R. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/15/3/007	journal	June 1975
Fast plasma shutdown by killer pellet injection in JT-60U with reduced heat flux on the divertor plate and avoiding runaway electron generation Yoshino, R.; Kondoh, T.; Neyatani, Y. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/39/2/008	journal	February 1997
Disruption generated runaway electrons in TEXTOR and ITER Jaspers, R.; Cardozo, N. J. Lopes; Schuller, F. C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/36/3/I09	journal	March 1996
Suppression of runaway electron avalanches by radial diffusion Helander, P.; Eriksson, L. -G.; Andersson, F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1289892	journal	January 2000
Runaway acceleration during magnetic reconnection in tokamaks Helander, P.; Eriksson, L-G; Andersson, F. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 12B https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/318	journal	November 2002
Magnetic field threshold for runaway generation in tokamak disruptions Fülöp, T.; Smith, H. M.; Pokol, G. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3072980	journal	February 2009
Direct observations of runaway electrons during disruptions in the JET tokamak Gill, R. D.; Alper, B.; Edwards, A. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/40/2/302	journal	February 2000
Experimental investigation of runaway electron generation in TEXTOR Jaspers, R.; Finken, K. H.; Mank, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/33/12/I02	journal	December 1993
Runaway electron damage to the Tore Supra Phase III outboard pump limiter Nygren, R.; Lutz, T.; Walsh, D. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 241-243 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3115(97)80092-X	journal	February 1997
Avalanche runaway growth rate from a momentum-space orbit analysis Parks, P. B.; Rosenbluth, M. N.; Putvinski, S. V. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873524	journal	June 1999
Theory for avalanche of runaway electrons in tokamaks Rosenbluth, M. N.; Putvinski, S. V. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 37, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/37/10/I03	journal	October 1997
Runaway electrons in magnetic turbulence and runaway current termination in tokamak discharges Yoshino, R.; Tokuda, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/40/7/302	journal	July 2000
Runaway current termination in JT-60U Tamai, H.; Yoshino, R.; Tokuda, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/42/3/309	journal	March 2002
Suppression of Runaway Electrons by Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in TEXTOR Disruptions Lehnen, M.; Bozhenkov, S. A.; Abdullaev, S. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.255003	journal	June 2008
Runaway losses in ergodized plasmas Finken, K. H.; Abdullaev, S. S.; Jakubowski, M. W. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/47/2/004	journal	January 2007
Theory of current drive in plasmas Fisch, Nathaniel J. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.175	journal	January 1987
Impact of runaway electrons Bartels, H. -W. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(94)90016-7	journal	January 1994
On the generation of runaway electrons and their impact to plasma facing components Kawamura, Takaichi; Obayashi, Haruo; Miyahara, Akira Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(89)80007-9	journal	January 1989
Simulation of tokamak runaway-electron events Bolt, H.; Miyahara, A.; Miyake, M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 151, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(87)90054-7	journal	December 1987
A synchrotron radiation diagnostic to observe relativistic runaway electrons in a tokamak plasma Jaspers, R.; Lopes Cardozo, N. J.; Donné, A. J. H. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1318245	journal	January 2001
Momentum–space structure of relativistic runaway electrons Martı́n-Solı́s, J. R.; Alvarez, J. D.; Sánchez, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.872911	journal	June 1998
Energy limits on runaway electrons in tokamak plasmas Martín-Solís, J. R.; Esposito, B.; Sánchez, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873276	journal	January 1999
What is the fate of runaway positrons in tokamaks? Liu, Jian; Qin, Hong; Fisch, Nathaniel J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882435	journal	June 2014
The energization of relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen radiation belt Chen, Yue; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Friedel, Reiner H. W. Nature Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys655	journal	July 2007
Electron Acceleration in the Heart of the Van Allen Radiation Belts Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.; Henderson, M. G. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6149 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237743	journal	July 2013
Stochastic Instability of Runaway Electrons in Tokamaks Laurent, L.; Rax, J. M. Europhysics Letters (EPL), Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/11/3/006	journal	February 1990
Effect of ripple on runaway electrons in tokamaks Russo, A. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/31/1/011	journal	January 1991
The ITER design Aymar, R.; Barabaschi, P.; Shimomura, Y. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/5/304	journal	April 2002
The ITER TF coil ripple: Evaluation of ripple attenuation using Fe insert and of ripple enhancement produced by TBM Portone, A.; Roccella, M.; Roccella, R. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 83, Issue 10-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.08.042	journal	December 2008

Cited By (4)

Explicit symplectic algorithms based on generating functions for relativistic charged particle dynamics in time-dependent electromagnetic field Zhang, Ruili; Wang, Yulei; He, Yang Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5012767	journal	February 2018
Degenerate variational integrators for magnetic field line flow and guiding center trajectories Ellison, C. L.; Finn, J. M.; Burby, J. W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5022277	journal	May 2018
Explicit symplectic algorithms based on generating functions for relativistic charged particle dynamics in time-dependent electromagnetic field Zhang, Ruili; Wang, Yulei; He, Yang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.05390	text	January 2016
Degenerate Variational Integrators for Magnetic Field Line Flow and Guiding Center Trajectories Ellison, C. Leland; Finn, John M.; Burby, Joshua W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.07240	text	January 2018

Similar Records

Simulations of relativistic quantum plasmas using real-time lattice scalar QED

Journal Article · Wed May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Physical Review E · OSTI ID:1420773

Shi, Yuan; Xiao, Jianyuan; Qin, Hong; +1 more

A lattice Maxwell system with discrete space–time symmetry and local energy–momentum conservation

Journal Article · Wed Dec 05 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Physics Letters. A · OSTI ID:1420773

Xiao, Jianyuan; Qin, Hong; Shi, Yuan; +2 more

Canonical symplectic structure and structure-preserving geometric algorithms for Schrödinger–Maxwell systems

Journal Article · Thu Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Computational Physics · OSTI ID:1420773

Chen, Qiang; Qin, Hong; Liu, Jian; +4 more

Related Subjects

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
Structure-preserving algorithms
Plasma simulation
Multi-timescale dynamics
Large-scale simulation

Title: The accurate particle tracer code

Citation Formats

References (64)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects