Cross-biome assessment of gross soil nitrogen cycling in California ecosystems

Yang, Wendy H.; Ryals, Rebecca A.; Cusack, Daniela F.; Silver, Whendee L.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.01.004

Title: Cross-biome assessment of gross soil nitrogen cycling in California ecosystems

Journal Article · Fri Jan 13 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Soil Biology and Biochemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.01.004· OSTI ID:1581160

^[1]; Ryals, Rebecca A. ^[1]; Cusack, Daniela F. ^[1]; Silver, Whendee L. ^[1]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Environmental Science, Policy and Management

Microbial transformations of nitrogen (N) largely determine whether N is retained in ecosystems via net primary productivity or lost via gaseous emissions and leaching. The controls on soil N cycling are often studied at single locales, making it difficult to predict N cycling at regional to global scales. We hypothesized that contemporary soil properties exhibit consistent relationships with instantaneous gross N cycling rates across diverse biomes that create a continuum in these properties. We measured ex situ gross N cycling rates and soil properties at 33 study sites representing five biome classifications in California including deserts, grasslands, shrublands, forest, and wetlands. Desert soils had significantly lower total N, organic carbon (C), microbial biomass N, and soil moisture as well as higher pH than all other biomes, whereas forests and wetlands had significantly lower soil nitrate ($$NO_3^-$$) concentrations (P < 0.001 for all). Gross mineralization rates were best predicted by the combination of soil moisture and soil C:N ratios (R² = 0.46), which exerted positive and negative controls, respectively. Grasslands exhibited marginally higher gross mineralization than all other biomes, whereas deserts had the lowest rates due to low soil moisture (P = 0.09). Gross nitrification rates were positively correlated to soil $$NO_3^-$$ concentrations (R² = 0.34) and negatively correlated to soil C:N ratios (R² = 0.31). The negative relationship between gross nitrification and soil C:N ratios was driven by forest soils, which had significantly higher C:N ratios and lower gross nitrification than all other biomes (P < 0.05). Dissimilatory $$NO_3^-$$- reduction to $$NH_4^+$$ (DNRA) occurred in soils from all biomes. The strong positive correlation between DNRA rates and soil $$NO_3^-$$ (R² = 0.41) suggests $$NO_3^-$$ limitation of DNRA. Predictable patterns in gross N cycling across biomes in California suggest that contemporary soil properties are important drivers of instantaneous soil N cycling rates that integrate over differences in vegetation type, atmospheric N deposition rates, and local climate.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDA

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; DEB-0808383

OSTI ID:: 1581160

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1419400

Journal Information:: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 107, Issue C; ISSN 0038-0717

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 42 works

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Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium
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Nitrification
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Title: Cross-biome assessment of gross soil nitrogen cycling in California ecosystems

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