High-precision 10Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago

Kelley, Samuel E.; Kaplan, Michael R.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Andersen, Bjorn G.; Barrell, David J. A.; Putnam, Aaron E.; Denton, George H.; Schwartz, Roseanne; Finkel, Robert C.; Doughty, Alice M.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.031

Title: High-precision ¹⁰Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago

Journal Article · Tue Sep 16 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Earth and Planetary Science Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.031· OSTI ID:1418475

Kelley, Samuel E. ^[1]; Kaplan, Michael R. ^[2]; Schaefer, Joerg M. ^[2]; Andersen, Bjorn G. ^[3]; Barrell, David J. A. ^[4]; Putnam, Aaron E. ^[2]; Denton, George H. ^[5]; Schwartz, Roseanne ^[2]; Finkel, Robert C. ^[6]; Doughty, Alice M. ^[7]

Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States); Univ. at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (United States)
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY (United States)
Univ. of Oslo, Oslo (Norway)
GNS Science, Dunedin (New Zealand)
Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)

Millennial-scale temperature variations in Antarctica during the period 80,000 to 18,000 years ago are known to anti-correlate broadly with winter-centric cold–warm episodes revealed in Greenland ice cores. However, the extent to which climate fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere beat in time with Antarctica, rather than with the Northern Hemisphere, has proved a controversial question. In this study we determine the ages of a prominent sequence of glacial moraines in New Zealand and use the results to assess the phasing of millennial climate change. Forty-four ¹⁰Be cosmogenic surface-exposure ages of boulders deposited by the Pukaki glacier in the Southern Alps document four moraine-building events from Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) through to the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (~18,000 years ago; LGM). The earliest moraine-building event is defined by the ages of nine boulders on a belt of moraine that documents the culmination of a glacier advance 42,000 years ago. At the Pukaki locality this advance was of comparable scale to subsequent advances that, from the remaining exposure ages, occurred between 28,000 and 25,000, at 21,000, and at 18,000 years ago. Collectively, all four moraine-building events represent the LGM. The glacier advance 42,000 years ago in the Southern Alps coincides in Antarctica with a cold episode, shown by the isotopic record from the EPICA Dome C ice core, between the prominent A1 and A2 warming events. Therefore, the implication of the Pukaki glacier record is that as early as 42,000 years ago an episode of glacial cold similar to that of the LGM extended in the atmosphere from high on the East Antarctic plateau to at least as far north as the Southern Alps (~44°S). Such a cold episode is thought to reflect the translation through the atmosphere and/or the ocean of the anti-phased effects of Northern Hemisphere interstadial conditions to the southern half of the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, regardless of the mechanism, any explanation for the cold episode at 42,000 years ago must account for its widespread atmospheric footprint not only in Antarctica but also within the westerly wind belt in southern mid-latitudes.

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: EAR-110278; EAR-0745781

OSTI ID:: 1418475

Journal Information:: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 405, Issue C; ISSN 0012-821X

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (57)

Atmospheric CO2 and Climate on Millennial Time Scales During the Last Glacial Period Ahn, J.; Brook, E. J. Science, Vol. 322, Issue 5898 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160832	journal	October 2008
Abrupt change in atmospheric CO₂during the last ice age Ahn, Jinho; Brook, Edward J.; Schmittner, Andreas Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053018	journal	September 2012
Reinterpretation of the glacial chronology of South Westland, New Zealand Almond, P. C.; Moar, N. T.; Lian, O. B. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2001.9514917	journal	March 2001
Controls on mass balance sensitivity of maritime glaciers in the Southern Alps, New Zealand: The role of debris cover: CONTROLS ON GLACIER SENSITIVITY Anderson, Brian; Mackintosh, Andrew Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, Vol. 117, Issue F1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002064	journal	January 2012
Climate sensitivity of a high-precipitation glacier in New Zealand Anderson, Brian; Mackintosh, Andrew; Stumm, Dorothea Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 56, Issue 195 https://doi.org/10.3189/002214310791190929	journal	January 2010
Wind-Driven Upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the Deglacial Rise in Atmospheric CO2 Anderson, R. F.; Ali, S.; Bradtmiller, L. I. Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5920 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1167441	journal	March 2009
Far-flung moraines: Exploring the feedback of glacial erosion on the evolution of glacier length Anderson, Robert S.; Dühnforth, Miriam; Colgan, William Geomorphology, Vol. 179 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.08.018	journal	December 2012
Regional beryllium-10 production rate calibration for late-glacial northeastern North America Balco, Greg; Briner, Jason; Finkel, Robert C. Quaternary Geochronology, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.09.001	journal	April 2009
Interhemispheric Atlantic seesaw response during the last deglaciation Barker, Stephen; Diz, Paula; Vautravers, Maryline J. Nature, Vol. 457, Issue 7233 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07770	journal	February 2009
The Balmoral moraines near Lake Pukaki, Southern Alps: a new reference area for the early Otira Glaciation in New Zealand Barrell, David JA New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 57, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2014.936473	journal	October 2014
A composite pollen-based stratotype for inter-regional evaluation of climatic events in New Zealand over the past 30,000 years (NZ-INTIMATE project) Barrell, David J. A.; Almond, Peter C.; Vandergoes, Marcus J. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.002	journal	August 2013
The deglaciation of Lake Pukaki, South Island, New Zealand—a review Barrell, David JA; Read, Stuart AL New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2013.847469	journal	November 2013
Late Pleistocene glacial stratigraphy of the Kumara-Moana region, West Coast of South Island, New Zealand Barrows, Timothy T.; Almond, Peter; Rose, Robert Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.010	journal	August 2013
Sea-surface temperatures around the Australian margin and Indian Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum Barrows, Timothy T.; Juggins, Steve Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 24, Issue 7-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.020	journal	April 2005
Long-term sea surface temperature and climate change in the Australian-New Zealand region: AUSTRALIAN-NEW ZEALAND CLIMATE CHANGE Barrows, Timothy T.; Juggins, Steve; De Deckker, Patrick Paleoceanography, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001328	journal	May 2007
Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years Berger, A.; Loutre, M. F. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(91)90033-Q	journal	January 1991
Paleocean circulation during the Last Deglaciation: A bipolar seesaw? Broecker, Wallace S. Paleoceanography, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/97PA03707	journal	April 1998
Influence of the tropics and southern westerlies on glacial interhemispheric asymmetry De Deckker, Patrick; Moros, Matthias; Perner, Kerstin Nature Geoscience, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1431	journal	March 2012
Interhemispheric Linkage of Paleoclimate During the Last Glaciation Denton, G. H.; Heusser, C. J.; Lowel, T. V. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, Vol. 81, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00055.x	journal	August 1999
The Last Glacial Termination Denton, G. H.; Anderson, R. F.; Toggweiler, J. R. Science, Vol. 328, Issue 5986 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1184119	journal	June 2010
Evaluation of Lateglacial temperatures in the Southern Alps of New Zealand based on glacier modelling at Irishman Stream, Ben Ohau Range Doughty, Alice M.; Anderson, Brian M.; Mackintosh, Andrew N. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.013	journal	August 2013
One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica Community, Epica Nature, Vol. 444, Issue 7116, p. 195-198 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05301	journal	November 2006
Attenuation length for fast nucleon production of 10Be derived from near-surface production profiles Farber, Daniel L.; Mériaux, Anne-Sophie; Finkel, Robert C. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 274, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.015	journal	October 2008
Last Glacial Maximum climate in New Zealand inferred from a modelled Southern Alps icefield Golledge, Nicholas R.; Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Anderson, Brian M. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 46 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.004	journal	July 2012
Heinrich events: Massive late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint Hemming, Sidney R. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000128	journal	January 2004
Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years Jouzel, J.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Cattani, O. Science, Vol. 317, Issue 5839 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141038	journal	August 2007
A 70-kyr sea surface temperature record off southern Chile (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1233): A 70-kyr SST RECORD OFF SOUTHERN CHILE Kaiser, J.; Lamy, F.; Hebbeln, D. Paleoceanography, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001146	journal	October 2005
Can glacial erosion limit the extent of glaciation? Kaplan, Michael R.; Hein, Andrew S.; Hubbard, Alun Geomorphology, Vol. 103, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.04.020	journal	January 2009
Glacier retreat in New Zealand during the Younger Dryas stadial Kaplan, Michael R.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Denton, George H. Nature, Vol. 467, Issue 7312 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09313	journal	September 2010
The anatomy of long-term warming since 15 ka in New Zealand based on net glacier snowline rise Kaplan, M. R.; Schaefer, J. M.; Denton, G. H. Geology, Vol. 41, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1130/G34288.1	journal	June 2013
A 10Be chronology of lateglacial and Holocene mountain glaciation in the Scoresby Sund region, east Greenland: implications for seasonality during lateglacial time Kelly, Meredith A.; Lowell, Thomas V.; Hall, Brenda L. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 27, Issue 25-26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.004	journal	December 2008
Consistent dating for Antarctic and Greenland ice cores Lemieux-Dudon, Bénédicte; Blayo, Eric; Petit, Jean-Robert Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.010	journal	January 2010
Exposure dating and glacial reconstruction at Mt. Field, Tasmania, Australia, identifies MIS 3 and MIS 2 glacial advances and climatic variability Mackintosh, A. N.; Barrows, T. T.; Colhoun, E. A. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 21, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.989	journal	January 2006
The influence of sub-glacial bed evolution on ice extent: a model-based evaluation of the Last Glacial Maximum Pukaki glacier, New Zealand McKinnon, Karen A.; Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Anderson, Brian M. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.002	journal	December 2012
Abrupt Vegetation and Climate Changes During the Last Glacial Maximumand Last Termination in The Chilean Lake District: A Case Study from Canal De La Puntilla (41oS) Moreno, P. I.; Lowell, T. V.; Jacobson Jr, G. L. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, Vol. 81, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00059.x	journal	August 1999
Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards Nishiizumi, Kunihiko; Imamura, Mineo; Caffee, Marc W. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 258, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.297	journal	May 2007
Climate Sensitivity of Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand, as Revealed by Numerical Modeling Oerlemans, J. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 29, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/1552052	journal	May 1997
Sea surface temperatures of southern midlatitudes 0-160 kyr B.P.: MID-SOUTHERN LATITUDE TEMPERATURE CHANGE Pahnke, Katharina; Sachs, Julian P. Paleoceanography, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001191	journal	April 2006
Southern Hemisphere Water Mass Conversion Linked with North Atlantic Climate Variability Pahnke, K. Science, Vol. 307, Issue 5716 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102163	journal	March 2005
South Tasman Sea alkenone palaeothermometry over the last four glacial/interglacial cycles Pelejero, C.; Calvo, E.; Barrows, T. T. Marine Geology, Vol. 230, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2006.04.004	journal	August 2006
Equilibrium-line Altitudes of Late Quaternary Glaciers in the Southern Alps, New Zealand Porter, Stephen C. Quaternary Research, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(75)90047-2	journal	March 1975
Interannual variability in net accumulation on Tasman Glacier and its relationship with climate Purdie, Heather; Mackintosh, Andrew; Lawson, Wendy Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 77, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.04.004	journal	June 2011
Glacier advance in southern middle-latitudes during the Antarctic Cold Reversal Putnam, Aaron E.; Denton, George H.; Schaefer, Joerg M. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo962	journal	September 2010
In situ cosmogenic 10Be production-rate calibration from the Southern Alps, New Zealand Putnam, A. E.; Schaefer, J. M.; Barrell, D. J. A. Quaternary Geochronology, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2009.12.001	journal	August 2010
Regional climate control of glaciers in New Zealand and Europe during the pre-industrial Holocene Putnam, Aaron E.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Denton, George H. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1548	journal	August 2012
The Last Glacial Maximum at 44°S documented by a 10Be moraine chronology at Lake Ohau, Southern Alps of New Zealand Putnam, Aaron E.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Denton, George H. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.034	journal	February 2013
Warming and glacier recession in the Rakaia valley, Southern Alps of New Zealand, during Heinrich Stadial 1 Putnam, Aaron E.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Denton, George H. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 382 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.005	journal	November 2013
In defense of Milankovitch Roe, Gerard Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027817	journal	January 2006
Vegetation and climate in Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes since 210 ka: new insights from marine and terrestrial pollen records from New Zealand Ryan, M. T.; Dunbar, G. B.; Vandergoes, M. J. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.001	journal	August 2012
Near-Synchronous Interhemispheric Termination of the Last Glacial Maximum in Mid-Latitudes Schaefer, J. M. Science, Vol. 312, Issue 5779 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1122872	journal	June 2006
High-Frequency Holocene Glacier Fluctuations in New Zealand Differ from the Northern Signature Schaefer, J. M.; Denton, G. H.; Kaplan, M. Science, Vol. 324, Issue 5927 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169312	journal	April 2009
The stratigraphy, timing and climatic implications of glaciolacustrine deposits in the middle Rakaia Valley, South Island, New Zealand Shulmeister, J.; Thackray, G. D.; Rieser, U. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, Issue 17-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.004	journal	August 2010
Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of moraines in the Rakaia Valley, New Zealand and the nature of the last termination in New Zealand glacial systems Shulmeister, James; Fink, David; Hyatt, Olivia M. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 297, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.007	journal	September 2010
Late pliocene and quaternary glaciations of New Zealand Suggate, R. P. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 9, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(90)90017-5	journal	January 1990
A 230 ka record of glacial and interglacial events from Aurora Cave, Fiordland, New Zealand Williams, Paul W. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1996.9514707	journal	June 1996
Abrupt millennial-scale changes in intensity of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds during marine isotope stages 2–4 Whittaker, Thomas E.; Hendy, Chris H.; Hellstrom, John C. Geology, Vol. 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1130/G31827.1	journal	May 2011
Assessing climatic and nonclimatic forcing of Pinedale glaciation and deglaciation in the western United States Young, Nicolás E.; Briner, Jason P.; Leonard, Eric M. Geology, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1130/G31527.1	journal	February 2011

Similar Records

Cosmogenic 10Be constraints on deglacial snowline rise in the Southern Alps, New Zealand

Journal Article · Fri May 13 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Quaternary Science Reviews · OSTI ID:1418475

Tielidze, Levan G.; Eaves, Shaun R.; Norton, Kevin P.; +2 more

Warming and glacier recession in the Rakaia valley, Southern Alps of New Zealand, during Heinrich Stadial 1

Journal Article · Fri Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · OSTI ID:1418475

Putnam, Aaron E.; Schaefe, Joerg M.; Barrell, DavidJ. A.; +11 more

Early Holocene cold snaps and their expression in the moraine record of the eastern European Alps

Journal Article · Thu Dec 02 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Climate of the Past (Online) · OSTI ID:1418475

Braumann, Sandra M.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Neuhuber, Stephanie M.; +3 more

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
10Be surface-exposure dating
LGM
MIS 3
Southern Hemisphere
westerly wind field
New Zealand

Title: High-precision 10Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago

Citation Formats

References (57)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: High-precision ¹⁰Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago