High-precision 10Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago

Kelley, Samuel E.; Kaplan, Michael R.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Andersen, Bjorn G.; Barrell, David J. A.; Putnam, Aaron E.; Denton, George H.; Schwartz, Roseanne; Finkel, Robert C.; Doughty, Alice M.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.031

High-precision ¹⁰Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago

Journal Article · Tue Sep 16 04:00:00 EDT 2014 · Earth and Planetary Science Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.031· OSTI ID:1418475

Kelley, Samuel E. ^[1]; Kaplan, Michael R. ^[2]; Schaefer, Joerg M. ^[2]; Andersen, Bjorn G. ^[3]; Barrell, David J. A. ^[4]; Putnam, Aaron E. ^[2]; Denton, George H. ^[5]; Schwartz, Roseanne ^[2]; Finkel, Robert C. ^[6]; Doughty, Alice M. ^[7]

Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States); Univ. at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (United States)
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY (United States)
Univ. of Oslo, Oslo (Norway)
GNS Science, Dunedin (New Zealand)
Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)

Millennial-scale temperature variations in Antarctica during the period 80,000 to 18,000 years ago are known to anti-correlate broadly with winter-centric cold–warm episodes revealed in Greenland ice cores. However, the extent to which climate fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere beat in time with Antarctica, rather than with the Northern Hemisphere, has proved a controversial question. In this study we determine the ages of a prominent sequence of glacial moraines in New Zealand and use the results to assess the phasing of millennial climate change. Forty-four ¹⁰Be cosmogenic surface-exposure ages of boulders deposited by the Pukaki glacier in the Southern Alps document four moraine-building events from Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) through to the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (~18,000 years ago; LGM). The earliest moraine-building event is defined by the ages of nine boulders on a belt of moraine that documents the culmination of a glacier advance 42,000 years ago. At the Pukaki locality this advance was of comparable scale to subsequent advances that, from the remaining exposure ages, occurred between 28,000 and 25,000, at 21,000, and at 18,000 years ago. Collectively, all four moraine-building events represent the LGM. The glacier advance 42,000 years ago in the Southern Alps coincides in Antarctica with a cold episode, shown by the isotopic record from the EPICA Dome C ice core, between the prominent A1 and A2 warming events. Therefore, the implication of the Pukaki glacier record is that as early as 42,000 years ago an episode of glacial cold similar to that of the LGM extended in the atmosphere from high on the East Antarctic plateau to at least as far north as the Southern Alps (~44°S). Such a cold episode is thought to reflect the translation through the atmosphere and/or the ocean of the anti-phased effects of Northern Hemisphere interstadial conditions to the southern half of the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, regardless of the mechanism, any explanation for the cold episode at 42,000 years ago must account for its widespread atmospheric footprint not only in Antarctica but also within the westerly wind belt in southern mid-latitudes.

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation; USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1418475

Journal Information:: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Journal Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters Journal Issue: C Vol. 405; ISSN 0012-821X

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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High-precision 10Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago

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High-precision ¹⁰Be chronology of moraines in the Southern Alps indicates synchronous cooling in Antarctica and New Zealand 42,000 years ago