Defects Enable Dark Exciton Photoluminescence in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Amori, Amanda R.; Rossi, Jamie E.; Landi, Brian J.; Krauss, Todd D.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10565

Defects Enable Dark Exciton Photoluminescence in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Journal Article · Wed Jan 24 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10565· OSTI ID:1417973

Amori, Amanda R. ^[1]; Rossi, Jamie E. ^[2]; Landi, Brian J. ^[2]; Krauss, Todd D. ^[3]

Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); Univ of Rochester
Rochester Inst. of Technology, Rochester, NY (United States)
Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Variable temperature photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of three (n,m) species of single-walled carbon nanotubes revealed that at resonant S₂₂ excitation, in addition to allowed excitonic optical transitions, several sidebands that should be forbidden based on selection rules were observed and appeared to have a strong temperature dependence. In particular, we found that a sideband located approximately 130 meV away from the bright S₁₁ exciton peak relating to the K-momentum dark exciton state, called X₁, decreased in intensity five-fold as the samples were cooled. Direct optical excitation of this dark state is nominally forbidden, thus calling into question how the state is populated, and why it is so prominent in the photoluminescence spectrum. Interestingly, the ratio of the integrated photoluminescence intensities of X₁ to S₁₁ scales with a Boltzmann factor unrelated to the phonon that is thought to be responsible for depopulating the K-momentum dark exciton state: an in-plane transverse optical phonon, A₁’. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectra from individual (7,5) nanotubes show that only a small fraction exhibit the X₁ feature, with varying oscillator strength, thus suggesting that intrinsic processes such as phonon scattering are not responsible for populating the dark state. Alternatively, we suggest that populating the K-momentum dark exciton state requires scattering from defects, which is consistent with the increased magnitude of the X₁ feature for samples with increased sample purification and processing. Thus, the presence of an X₁ peak in photoluminescence is an extremely sensitive spectroscopic indicator of defects on single-walled carbon nanotubes.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-06ER15821

OSTI ID:: 1417973

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 122; ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (66)

Excitons in carbon nanotubes: Diameter and chirality trends Capaz, Rodrigo B.; Spataru, Catalin D.; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab physica status solidi (b), Vol. 244, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200776200	journal	November 2007
Photoluminescence from disorder induced states in individual single-walled carbon nanotubes: PL from disorder induced states in individual SWCNTs Harutyunyan, Hayk; Gokus, Tobias; Green, Alexander A. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 246, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200982273	journal	November 2009
Excitonic signatures in the optical response of single-wall carbon nanotubes Voisin, Christophe; Berger, Sébastien; Berciaud, Stéphane physica status solidi (b), Vol. 249, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201100085	journal	January 2012
Photoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy of individualized and aggregated single-wall carbon nanotubes Schöppler, Friedrich; Rühl, Nicolas; Hertel, Tobias Chemical Physics, Vol. 413 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.08.011	journal	February 2013
Coherent phonons in carbon nanotubes and graphene Kim, J. -H.; Nugraha, A. R. T.; Booshehri, L. G. Chemical Physics, Vol. 413 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.09.017	journal	February 2013
Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes Dresselhaus, M.S.; Dresselhaus, G.; Saito, R. Physics Reports, Vol. 409, Issue 2, p. 47-99 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2004.10.006	journal	March 2005
Fluorescent Carbon Nanotube Defects Manifest Substantial Vibrational Reorganization Kim, Mijin; Adamska, Lyudmyla; Hartmann, Nicolai F. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02538	journal	May 2016
Photoluminescence Side Band Spectroscopy of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Kadria-Vili, Yara; Bachilo, Sergei M.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b08768	journal	October 2016
Bright Fraction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Correlated Fluorescence and Topography Measurements Nogaj, Lisa J.; Smyder, Julie A.; Leach, Kathryn E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01032	journal	July 2015
( n , m )-Specific Absorption Cross Sections of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Measured by Variance Spectroscopy Sanchez, Stephen R.; Bachilo, Sergei M.; Kadria-Vili, Yara Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02819	journal	October 2016
Photoluminescence Dynamics of Aryl sp ³ Defect States in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hartmann, Nicolai F.; Velizhanin, Kirill A.; Haroz, Erik H. ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02986	journal	August 2016
Reversible Surface Oxidation and Efficient Luminescence Quenching in Semiconductor Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Dukovic, Gordana; White, Brian E.; Zhou, Zhiyong Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja046526r	journal	November 2004
Polymer Structure and Solvent Effects on the Selective Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hwang, Jeong-Yuan; Nish, Adrian; Doig, James Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0777640	journal	March 2008
Dispersion-Process Effects on the Photoluminescence Quantum Yields of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed Using Aromatic Polymers Mouri, Shinichiro; Miyauchi, Yuhei; Matsuda, Kazunari The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp212040y	journal	April 2012
Dependence of Optical Transition Energies on Structure for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspension: An Empirical Kataura Plot Weisman, R. Bruce; Bachilo, Sergei M. Nano Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034428i	journal	September 2003
Radiative Lifetime of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes Perebeinos, Vasili; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Phaedon Nano Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl051828s	journal	December 2005
Magnetic Brightening of Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence through Symmetry Breaking Shaver, Jonah; Kono, Junichiro; Portugall, Oliver Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl070260f	journal	July 2007
Fluorescence Efficiency of Individual Carbon Nanotubes Carlson, Lisa J.; Maccagnano, Sara E.; Zheng, Ming Nano Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl072014+	journal	November 2007
Intersubband Decay of 1-D Exciton Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes Hertel, Tobias; Perebeinos, Vasili; Crochet, Jared Nano Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0720915	journal	December 2007
Bright Fluorescence from Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Lee, Andrea J.; Wang, Xiaoyong; Carlson, Lisa J. Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl200077t	journal	April 2011
Quantifying Defects in Graphene via Raman Spectroscopy at Different Excitation Energies Cançado, L. G.; Jorio, A.; Ferreira, E. H. Martins Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8, p. 3190-3196 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201432g	journal	July 2011
Confirmation of K-Momentum Dark Exciton Vibronic Sidebands Using ¹³ C-labeled, Highly Enriched (6,5) Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Holt, Josh M.; Irurzun, Veronica M. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204072x	journal	February 2012
Electron Conductive and Proton Permeable Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Membranes Pilgrim, Gregory A.; Leadbetter, Joanne W.; Qiu, Fen Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl403696y	journal	March 2014
Directly Measured Optical Absorption Cross Sections for Structure-Selected Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Streit, Jason K.; Bachilo, Sergei M.; Ghosh, Saunab Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404791y	journal	February 2014
The Role of Length and Defects on Optical Quantum Efficiency and Exciton Decay Dynamics in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Harrah, D. Mark; Swan, Anna K. ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn1031214	journal	December 2010
Photoinduced Band Gap Shift and Deep Levels in Luminescent Carbon Nanotubes Finnie, Paul; Lefebvre, Jacques ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204679s	journal	January 2012
Luminescence Properties of Individual Empty and Water-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Cambré, Sofie; Santos, Silvia M.; Wenseleers, Wim ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn300035y	journal	February 2012
Films of Bare Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Superacids with Tailored Electronic and Photoluminescence Properties Saha, Avishek; Ghosh, Saunab; Weisman, R. Bruce ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302092b	journal	May 2012
Electronic Structure and Chemical Nature of Oxygen Dopant States in Carbon Nanotubes Ma, Xuedan; Adamska, Lyudmyla; Yamaguchi, Hisato ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn504553y	journal	October 2014
Brightening of carbon nanotube photoluminescence through the incorporation of sp3 defects Piao, Yanmei; Meany, Brendan; Powell, Lyndsey R. Nature Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1711	journal	July 2013
Direct measurement of the absolute absorption spectrum of individual semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes Blancon, Jean-Christophe; Paillet, Matthieu; Tran, Huy Nam Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3542	journal	September 2013
Gate-controlled generation of optical pulse trains using individual carbon nanotubes Jiang, M.; Kumamoto, Y.; Ishii, A. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7335	journal	February 2015
Efficient near-infrared up-conversion photoluminescence in carbon nanotubes Akizuki, Naoto; Aota, Shun; Mouri, Shinichiro Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9920	journal	November 2015
Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes Barone, Paul W.; Baik, Seunghyun; Heller, Daniel A. Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1276	journal	December 2004
Highly selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes using aromatic polymers Nish, Adrian; Hwang, Jeong-Yuan; Doig, James Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 2, Issue 10, p. 640-646 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.290	journal	September 2007
Triplet–triplet exciton dynamics in single-walled carbon nanotubes Stich, Dominik; Späth, Florian; Kraus, Hannes Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.316	journal	December 2013
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in single-walled carbon nanotubes probed by femtosecond spectroscopy Ma, Ying-Zhong; Stenger, Jens; Zimmermann, Jörg The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1640339	journal	February 2004
Phonons in carbon nanotubes Dresselhaus, M. S.; Eklund, P. C. Advances in Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1080/000187300413184	journal	September 2000
First-order optical and intervalley scattering in semiconductors Ferry, D. K. Physical Review B, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.14.1605	journal	August 1976
Diameter dependence of the Raman D -band in isolated single-wall carbon nanotubes Pimenta, M. A.; Jorio, A.; Brown, S. D. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 64, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.041401	journal	June 2001
Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra of small-diameter isolated carbon nanotubes Souza Filho, A. G.; Chou, S. G.; Samsonidze, Ge. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 69, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115428	journal	March 2004
Exciton binding energies in carbon nanotubes from two-photon photoluminescence Maultzsch, J.; Pomraenke, R.; Reich, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.241402	journal	December 2005
Chirality dependence of exciton effects in single-wall carbon nanotubes: Tight-binding model Jiang, J.; Saito, R.; Samsonidze, Ge. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 75, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.035407	journal	January 2007
Photophysics of carbon nanotubes in organic polymer-toluene dispersions: Emission and excitation satellites and relaxation pathways Lebedkin, Sergei; Hennrich, Frank; Kiowski, Oliver Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.165429	journal	April 2008
Carrier recombination and generation rates for intravalley and intervalley phonon scattering in graphene Rana, Farhan; George, Paul A.; Strait, Jared H. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.115447	journal	March 2009
Photoluminescence sidebands of carbon nanotubes below the bright singlet excitonic levels Murakami, Yoichi; Lu, Benjamin; Kazaoui, Said Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195407	journal	May 2009
Origin of low-energy photoluminescence peaks in single carbon nanotubes: K -momentum dark excitons and triplet dark excitons Matsunaga, Ryusuke; Matsuda, Kazunari; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.033401	journal	January 2010
Chirality dependence of the K -momentum dark excitons in carbon nanotubes Vora, P. M.; Tu, X.; Mele, E. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.155123	journal	April 2010
Exciton diffusion, end quenching, and exciton-exciton annihilation in individual air-suspended carbon nanotubes Ishii, A.; Yoshida, M.; Kato, Y. K. Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.125427	journal	March 2015
Direct Observation of Dark Excitons in Individual Carbon Nanotubes: Inhomogeneity in the Exchange Splitting Srivastava, Ajit; Htoon, Han; Klimov, Victor I. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.087402	journal	August 2008
Energy of K -Momentum Dark Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes by Optical Spectroscopy Torrens, O. N.; Zheng, M.; Kikkawa, J. M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.157401	journal	October 2008
Structural ( n , m ) Determination of Isolated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Resonant Raman Scattering Jorio, A.; Saito, R.; Hafner, J. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1118	journal	February 2001
Ultrafast Ground-State Recovery of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Huang, Libai; Pedrosa, Hermeneglido N.; Krauss, Todd D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.017403	journal	July 2004
Electron-Electron Interaction Effects on the Optical Excitations of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Zhao, Hongbo; Mazumdar, Sumit Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.157402	journal	October 2004
Electron Interactions and Scaling Relations for Optical Excitations in Carbon Nanotubes Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.197402	journal	November 2004
Effect of Exciton-Phonon Coupling in the Calculated Optical Absorption of Carbon Nanotubes Perebeinos, Vasili; Tersoff, J.; Avouris, Phaedon Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.027402	journal	January 2005
Phonon-Assisted Excitonic Recombination Channels Observed in DNA-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes Using Photoluminescence Spectroscopy Chou, S. G.; Plentz, F.; Jiang, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.127402	journal	April 2005
Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes with Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry Zaric, S.; Ostojic, G. N.; Shaver, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.016406	journal	January 2006
Direct Observation of Deep Excitonic States in the Photoluminescence Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Kiowski, Oliver; Arnold, Katharina; Lebedkin, Sergei Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.237402	journal	December 2007
Quasi-ballistic carbon nanotube array transistors with current density exceeding Si and GaAs Brady, Gerald J.; Way, Austin J.; Safron, Nathaniel S. Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601240	journal	September 2016
Simultaneous Fluorescence and Raman Scattering from Single Carbon Nanotubes Hartschuh, A. Science, Vol. 301, Issue 5638 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1087118	journal	September 2003
Oxygen Doping Modifies Near-Infrared Band Gaps in Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Ghosh, S.; Bachilo, S. M.; Simonette, R. A. Science, Vol. 330, Issue 6011 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196382	journal	November 2010
Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Saito, R.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. https://doi.org/10.1142/p080	book	January 1998
Effects of Valley Mixing and Exchange on Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes with Aharonov–Bohm Flux Ando, Tsuneya Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 75, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.75.024707	journal	February 2006
Purity and Defect Characterization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using Raman Spectroscopy Miyata, Yasumitsu; Mizuno, Kohei; Kataura, Hiromichi Journal of Nanomaterials, Vol. 2011 https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/786763	journal	January 2011
Effects of Carrier Gas Dynamics on Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Chiral Distributions During Laser Vaporization Synthesis Landi, BrianJ.; Raffaelle, RyneP. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.207	journal	March 2007

Cited By (2)

Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes or Very Rigid Conjugated Polymers: A Comparison Zaumseil, Jana Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201800514	journal	November 2018
Optical properties of semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes with and without defects Mu, Jinglin; Ma, Yuchen; Liu, Huichun The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 150, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055271	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Confirmation of K-Momentum Dark Exciton Vibronic Sidebands Using 13C-Labeled, Highly Enriched (6,5) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Journal Article · Wed Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:1038344

Exciton-phonon bound complex in single-walled carbon nanotubes revealed by high-field magneto-optical spectroscopy

Journal Article · Sun Dec 01 23:00:00 EST 2013 · Applied Physics Letters · OSTI ID:22253928

Photoluminescence Intensity Fluctuations and Temperature-Dependent Decay Dynamics of Individual Carbon Nanotube sp³ Defects

Journal Article · Thu Mar 07 19:00:00 EST 2019 · Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · OSTI ID:1574797

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Defects Enable Dark Exciton Photoluminescence in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Citation Formats

References (66)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects