Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.

Morillas, Laura; Pangle, Robert E.; Maurer, Gregory E.; Pockman, William T.; McDowell, Nathan; Huang, Cheng -Wei; Krofcheck, Daniel J.; Fox, Andrew M.; Sinsabaugh, Robert L.; Rahn, Thomas A.; Litvak, Marcy E.

doi:10.1002/2017JG004095

Title: Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.

Journal Article · Fri Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004095· OSTI ID:1417176

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Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Climate-driven tree mortality has increased globally in response to warmer temperature and more severe drought. To examine how tree mortality in semiarid biomes impacts surface water balance, we experimentally manipulated a piñon-juniper (PJ) woodland by girdling all adult piñon trees in a 4 ha area, decreasing piñon basal area by ~65%. Over 3.5 years (2009–2013), we compared water flux measurements from this girdled site with those from a nearby intact PJ woodland. Before and after girdling, the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to incoming precipitation was similar between the two sites. Girdling altered the partitioning of ET such that the contribution of canopy transpiration to ET decreased 9–14% over the study period, relative to the intact control, while noncanopy ET increased. We attributed the elevated noncanopy ET in the girdled site each year to winter increases in sublimation and summer increases in both soil evaporation and below-canopy transpiration. Although we expected that mortality of a canopy dominant would increase the availability of water and other resources to surviving vegetation, we observed a decrease in both soil volumetric water content and sap flow rates in the remaining trees at the girdled site, relative to the control. Furthermore, this postgirdling decrease in the performance of the remaining trees occurred during the severe 2011–2012 drought, suggesting that piñon mortality may trigger feedback mechanisms that leave PJ woodlands drier relative to undisturbed sites and potentially more vulnerable to drought.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1417176

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-31286; TRN: US1801005

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences, Vol. 122, Issue 12; ISSN 2169-8953

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 23 works

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Altered leaf elemental composition with climate change is linked to reductions in photosynthesis, growth and survival in a semi‐arid shrubland León‐Sánchez, Lupe; Nicolás, Emilio; Prieto, Iván Journal of Ecology https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13259	journal	August 2019
Aridity drives spatiotemporal patterns of masting across the latitudinal range of a dryland conifer Wion, Andreas P.; Weisberg, Peter J.; Pearse, Ian S. Ecography, Vol. 43, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04856	journal	April 2020
Dead or dying? Quantifying the point of no return from hydraulic failure in drought‐induced tree mortality Hammond, William M.; Yu, Kailiang; Wilson, Luke A. New Phytologist, Vol. 223, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15922	journal	April 2019
Coupling between the terrestrial carbon and water cycles-a review Gentine, Pierre; Green, Julia K.; Guérin, Marceau ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000359131	text	January 2019

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