Strontium and barium isotopes in presolar silicon carbide grains measured with CHILI—two types of X grains

Stephan, Thomas; Trappitsch, Reto; Davis, Andrew M.; Pellin, Michael J.; Rost, Detlef; Savina, Michael R.; Jadhav, Manavi; Kelly, Christopher H.; Gyngard, Frank; Hoppe, Peter; Dauphas, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.05.001

Strontium and barium isotopes in presolar silicon carbide grains measured with CHILI—two types of X grains

Journal Article · Wed May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.05.001· OSTI ID:1414348

Stephan, Thomas ^[1]; ^[1]; Davis, Andrew M. ^[2]; Pellin, Michael J. ^[3]; Rost, Detlef ^[1]; Savina, Michael R. ^[4]; Jadhav, Manavi ^[1]; Kelly, Christopher H. ^[1]; Gyngard, Frank ^[5]; Hoppe, Peter ^[6]; Dauphas, Nicolas ^[2]

Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Geophysical Sciences; Chicago enter for Cosmochemistry, Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Geophysical Sciences, Enrico Fermi Inst.; Chicago enter for Cosmochemistry, Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Geophysical Sciences, Enrico Fermi Inst.; Chicago enter for Cosmochemistry, Chicago, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materisl Science Division
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Geophysical Sciences; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materisl Science Division
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States). Lab. for Space Sciences, Dept. of Physics
Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)

Here, we used CHILI, the Chicago Instrument for Laser Ionization, a new resonance ionization mass spectrometer developed for isotopic analysis of small samples, to analyze strontium, zirconium, and barium isotopes in 22 presolar silicon carbide grains. Twenty of the grains showed detectable strontium and barium, but none of the grains had enough zirconium to be detected with CHILI. Nine grains were excluded from further consideration since they showed very little signals (<1000 counts) for strontium as well as for barium. Among the 11 remaining grains, we found three X grains. The discovery of three supernova grains among only 22 grains was fortuitous, because only ~1% of presolar silicon carbide grains are type X, but was confirmed by silicon isotopic measurements of grain residues with NanoSIMS. And while one of the X grains showed strontium and barium isotope patterns expected for supernova grains, the two other supernova grains have 87Sr/86Sr < 0.5, values never observed in any natural sample before. From their silicon isotope ratios, the latter two grains can be classified as X2 grains, while the former grain belongs to the more common X1 group. The differences of these grains in strontium and barium isotopic composition constrain their individual formation conditions in Type II supernovae.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1414348

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1547104
OSTI ID: 1571249

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--729492

Journal Information:: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Journal Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Journal Issue: C Vol. 221; ISSN 0016-7037

Publisher:: The Geochemical Society; The Meteoritical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (63)

The role of carbon and oxygen in cosmic gases: some applications to the chemistry and mineralogy of enstatite chondrites Larimer, John W.; Bartholomay, Mary Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 43, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(79)90140-6	journal	September 1979
Interstellar grains in meteorites: I. Isolation of SiC, graphite and diamond; size distributions of SiC and graphite Amari, Sachiko; Lewis, Roy S.; Anders, Edward Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 58, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90477-4	journal	January 1994
Beta-decay rates of highly ionized heavy atoms in stellar interiors Takahashi, K.; Yokoi, K. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-640X(87)90010-6	journal	May 1987
Presolar Grains Zinner, E. Treatise on Geochemistry https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00101-7	book	January 2014
Initial strontium isotopic abundances and the resolution of small time differences in the formation of planetary objects Papanastassiou, D. A.; Wasserburg, G. J. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(68)80066-4	journal	January 1968
Condensation from supernova gas made of free atoms Ebel, D. S.; Grossman, L. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 65, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00550-0	journal	February 2001
Analyzing individual presolar grains with CHARISMA Savina, Michael R.; Pellin, Michael J.; Tripa, C. Emil Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00082-6	journal	September 2003
Barium isotopes in individual presolar silicon carbide grains from the Murchison meteorite Savina, Michael R.; Davis, Andrew M.; Tripa, C. Emil Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00083-8	journal	September 2003
NanoSIMS isotope studies of rare types of presolar silicon carbide grains from the Murchison meteorite: Implications for supernova models and the role of 14C Hoppe, Peter; Pignatari, Marco; Kodolányi, János Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.01.051	journal	January 2018
Simultaneous iron and nickel isotopic analyses of presolar silicon carbide grains Trappitsch, Reto; Stephan, Thomas; Savina, Michael R. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.05.031	journal	January 2018
Resonance ionization mass spectrometry for precise measurements of isotope ratios Levine, Jonathan; Savina, Michael R.; Stephan, Thomas International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 288, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2009.07.013	journal	November 2009
CHILI – the Chicago Instrument for Laser Ionization – a new tool for isotope measurements in cosmochemistry Stephan, Thomas; Trappitsch, Reto; Davis, Andrew M. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 407 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2016.06.001	journal	August 2016
The Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars Project – Status and Prospects Dillmann, I.; Szücs, T.; Plag, R. Nuclear Data Sheets, Vol. 120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nds.2014.07.038	journal	June 2014
s process in low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars Straniero, Oscar; Gallino, Roberto; Cristallo, Sergio Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 777 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.01.011	journal	October 2006
Theory of core-collapse supernovae Janka, H.; Langanke, K.; Marek, A. Physics Reports, Vol. 442, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2007.02.002	journal	April 2007
The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models Müller, B. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol. 33 https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2016.40	journal	January 2016
Asymmetries in core-collapse supernovae from maps of radioactive 44Ti in Cassiopeia A Grefenstette, B. W.; Harrison, F. A.; Boggs, S. E. Nature, Vol. 506, Issue 7488 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12997	journal	February 2014
New instrument for microbeam analysis incorporating submicron imaging and resonance ionization mass spectrometry Ma, Z.; Thompson, R. N.; Lykke, K. R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 66, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1145546	journal	May 1995
Stardust in meteorites Davis, A. M. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013483108	journal	November 2011
Capture cross section measurements of krypton and xenon isotopes and the fundamental parameters of the s-process Beer, Hermann The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 375 https://doi.org/10.1086/170246	journal	July 1991
Carbon, nitrogen, magnesium, silicon, and titanium isotopic compositions of single interstellar silicon carbide grains from the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite Hoppe, Peter; Amari, Sachiko; Zinner, Ernst The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 430 https://doi.org/10.1086/174458	journal	July 1994
The effects of unthermalized isomeric states and of a time-varying neutron flux on s-process branching ratios Cosner, K.; Iben, I. , Jr.; Truran, J. W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 238 https://doi.org/10.1086/183265	journal	May 1980
Interstellar SiC with unusual isotopic compositions - Grains from a supernova? Amari, Sachiko; Hoppe, Peter; Zinner, Ernst The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 394 https://doi.org/10.1086/186468	journal	August 1992
The chemical composition of carbon stars. I - Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in 30 cool carbon stars in the Galactic disk Lambert, David L.; Gustafsson, Bengt; Eriksson, Kjell The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1086/191145	journal	October 1986
Molybdenum and Zirconium Isotopes from a Supernova Neutron Burst Meyer, B. S.; Clayton, D. D.; The, L. -S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 540, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/312865	journal	September 2000
Presolar Grains from the Qingzhen (EH3) Meteorite Lin, Yangting; Amari, Sachiko; Pravdivtseva, Olga The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 575, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/341218	journal	August 2002
Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars with Improved Nuclear and Stellar Physics Rauscher, T.; Heger, A.; Hoffman, R. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 576, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/341728	journal	September 2002
Evidence for Extinct Vanadium-49 in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains from Supernovae Hoppe, P.; Besmehn, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 576, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/342785	journal	September 2002
Isotopic Compositions of Strontium, Zirconium, Molybdenum, and Barium in Single Presolar SiC Grains and Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars Lugaro, Maria; Davis, Andrew M.; Gallino, Roberto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 593, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/376442	journal	August 2003
Supernova Reverse Shocks: SiC Growth and Isotopic Composition Deneault, Ethan A. ‐N.; Clayton, Donald D.; Heger, Alexander The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 594, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/376863	journal	September 2003
Numerical Analyses of Isotopic Ratios of Presolar Grains from Supernovae Yoshida, Takashi; Hashimoto, Masa‐aki The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 606, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/382942	journal	May 2004
Growth of Carbon Grains in Supernova Ejecta Deneault, Ethan A. ‐N.; Clayton, Donald D.; Meyer, Bradley S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 638, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/498741	journal	February 2006
s ‐Process Nucleosynthesis in Advanced Burning Phases of Massive Stars The, Lih‐Sin; El Eid, Mounib F.; Meyer, Bradley S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 655, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/509753	journal	February 2007
Supernova Mixtures Reproducing Isotopic Ratios of Presolar Grains Yoshida, Takashi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 666, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/520631	journal	September 2007
Evolution, Nucleosynthesis, and Yields of Low-Mass Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars at Different Metallicities Cristallo, S.; Straniero, O.; Gallino, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 696, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/696/1/797	journal	April 2009
ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF SUPERNOVA SiC AND Si ₃ N ₄ GRAINS FROM THE QINGZHEN (EH3) CHONDRITE Lin, Yangting; Gyngard, Frank; Zinner, Ernst The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 709, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/1157	journal	January 2010
THE WEAK s -PROCESS IN MASSIVE STARS AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON THE NEUTRON CAPTURE CROSS SECTIONS Pignatari, M.; Gallino, R.; Heil, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 710, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1557	journal	February 2010
EXTINCT ⁹³ Zr IN SINGLE PRESOLAR SiC GRAINS FROM LOW MASS ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS AND CONDENSATION FROM Zr-DEPLETED GAS Kashiv, Y.; Davis, A. M.; Gallino, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 713, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/713/1/212	journal	March 2010
NanoSIMS STUDIES OF SMALL PRESOLAR SiC GRAINS: NEW INSIGHTS INTO SUPERNOVA NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, CHEMISTRY, AND DUST FORMATION Hoppe, Peter; Leitner, Jan; Gröner, Elmar The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 719, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/719/2/1370	journal	July 2010
BARIUM ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF MAINSTREAM SILICON CARBIDES FROM MURCHISON: CONSTRAINTS FOR s -PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS Liu, Nan; Savina, Michael R.; Davis, Andrew M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 786, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/66	journal	April 2014
Correlated Strontium and Barium Isotopic Compositions of Acid-Cleaned Single Mainstream Silicon Carbides from Murchison Liu, Nan; Savina, Michael R.; Gallino, Roberto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 803, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/803/1/12	journal	April 2015
s-process nucleosynthesis-nuclear physics and the classical model Kappeler, F.; Beer, H.; Wisshak, K. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/52/8/002	journal	August 1989
The Nubase2012 evaluation of nuclear properties Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M. Chinese Physics C, Vol. 36, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/36/12/001	journal	December 2012
Sulfur Molecule Chemistry in Supernova Ejecta Recorded by Silicon Carbide Stardust Hoppe, Peter; Fujiya, Wataru; Zinner, Ernst The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 745, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/745/2/L26	journal	January 2012
Production of Carbon-Rich Presolar Grains from Massive Stars Pignatari, M.; Wiescher, M.; Timmes, F. X. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 767, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/767/2/L22	journal	April 2013
CARBON-RICH PRESOLAR GRAINS FROM MASSIVE STARS: SUBSOLAR ¹² C/ ¹³ C AND ¹⁴ N/ ¹⁵ N RATIOS AND THE MYSTERY OF ¹⁵ N Pignatari, M.; Zinner, E.; Hoppe, P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 808, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/808/2/L43	journal	July 2015
s -process production in rotating massive stars at solar and low metallicities Frischknecht, Urs; Hirschi, Raphael; Pignatari, Marco Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 456, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2723	journal	December 2015
Anomalous odd- to even-mass isotope ratios in resonance ionization with broad-band lasers Fairbank, W. M.; Spaar, M. T.; Parks, J. E. Physical Review A, Vol. 40, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.40.2195	journal	August 1989
Cross-Section Measurements of the Kr 86 ( γ , n ) Reaction to Probe the s -Process Branching at Kr 85 Raut, R.; Tonchev, A. P.; Rusev, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.112501	journal	September 2013
Strontium Isotopic Composition in Individual Circumstellar Silicon Carbide Grains: A Record of s -Process Nucleosynthesis Nicolussi, G. K.; Pellin, M. J.; Lewis, R. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3583	journal	October 1998
NanoSIMS: Technical Aspects and Applications in Cosmochemistry and Biological Geochemistry Hoppe, Peter; Cohen, Stephanie; Meibom, Anders Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, Vol. 37, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2013.00239.x	journal	May 2013
Heavy-element abundances from a neutron burst that produces Xe-H Howard, W. Michael; Meyer, Bradley S.; Clayton, Donald D. Meteoritics, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.1992.tb00222.x	journal	September 1992
Isotope source table for a 25 M⊙ supernova Meyer, Bradley S.; Weaver, Thomas A.; Woosley, Stanford E. Meteoritics, Vol. 30, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.1995.tb01131.x	journal	May 1995
Trace-element concentrations in single circumstellar silicon carbide grains from the Murchison meteorite Amari, Sachiko; Hoppe, Peter; Zinner, Ernst Meteoritics, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.1995.tb01165.x	journal	November 1995
NanoSIMS studies of Ba isotopic compositions in single presolar silicon carbide grains from AGB stars and supernovae Marhas, K. K.; Hoppe, P.; Ott, U. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 42, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00562.x	journal	August 2007
Constraining the ¹³ C neutron source in AGB stars through isotopic analysis of trace elements in presolar SiC Barzyk, J. G.; Savina, M. R.; Davis, A. M. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 42, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00563.x	journal	August 2007
Correction of dead time effects in time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry Stephan, T.; Zehnpfenning, J.; Benninghoven, A. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.579255	journal	March 1994
s-Process Zirconium in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains Nicolussi, G. K. Science, Vol. 277, Issue 5330 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5330.1281	journal	August 1997
Condensation of Carbon in Radioactive Supernova Gas Clayton, D. D. Science, Vol. 283, Issue 5406 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5406.1290	journal	February 1999
Nucleosynthesis in Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of Galaxies Nomoto, Ken'ichi; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Tominaga, Nozomu Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140956	journal	August 2013
Nucleosynthesis in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Relevance for Galactic Enrichment and Solar System Formation Busso, M.; Gallino, R.; Wasserburg, G. J. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.239	journal	September 1999
Isotopic compositions of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report) Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0503	journal	March 2016
STELLAR ORIGINS OF EXTREMELY ¹³ C- AND ¹⁵ N-ENRICHED PRESOLAR SIC GRAINS: NOVAE OR SUPERNOVAE? Liu, Nan; Nittler, Larry R.; Alexander, Conel M. O’D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 820, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/140	journal	March 2016

Cited By (4)

Common Occurrence of Explosive Hydrogen Burning in Type II Supernovae Liu, Nan; Stephan, Thomas; Boehnke, Patrick The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaab4e	journal	March 2018
New Constraints on the Major Neutron Source in Low-mass AGB Stars Liu, Nan; Gallino, Roberto; Cristallo, Sergio The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad9f3	journal	September 2018
Molybdenum Isotopes in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains: Details of s -process Nucleosynthesis in Parent Stars and Implications for r - and p -processes Stephan, Thomas; Trappitsch, Reto; Hoppe, Peter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1c60	journal	May 2019
Isotopes of Barium as a Chronometer for Supernova Dust Formation Ott, Ulrich; Stephan, Thomas; Hoppe, Peter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab41f3	journal	November 2019

Similar Records

Strontium and Barium Isotopes in Presolar Silicon Carbide Graines Measured with CHILI-Two Types of X Grains.

Journal Article · Sun Jan 14 23:00:00 EST 2018 · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · OSTI ID:1571249

CHILI – the Chicago Instrument for Laser Ionization – a new tool for isotope measurements in cosmochemistry

Journal Article · Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · OSTI ID:1352606

CHILI – the Chicago Instrument for Laser Ionization – a new tool for isotope measurements in cosmochemistry

Journal Article · Thu Jun 16 20:00:00 EDT 2016 · International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · OSTI ID:1329356

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
barium isotopes
nucleosynthesis
presolar grains
resonance ionizatoin mass spectrometry (RIMS)
silicon carbide
strontium isotopes
supernovae

Strontium and barium isotopes in presolar silicon carbide grains measured with CHILI—two types of X grains

Citation Formats

References (63)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects