Probing QCD critical fluctuations from light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Based on the coalescence model for light nuclei production, we show that the yield ratio Op-d-t = N3HNp/N$$2\atop{d}$$ of p, d, and 3H in heavy-ion collisions is sensitive to the neutron relative density fluctuation Δn = $$\langle$$(δn)2 $$\rangle$$/ $$\langle$$n$$\rangle$$ at kinetic freeze-out. From recent experimental data in central Pb + Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$$$_ {NN}$$ =6.3 GeV, 7.6 GeV, 8.8 GeV, 12.3 GeV and 17.3 GeV measured by the NA49 Collaboration at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), we find a possible non-monotonic behavior of Δn as a function of the collision energy with a peak at $$\sqrt{s}$$$$_ {NN}$$ 8.8 GeV, indicating that the density fluctuations become the largest in collisions at this energy. With the known chemical freeze-out conditions determined from the statistical model fit to experimental data, we obtain a chemical freeze-out temperature of ~ 144 MeV and baryon chemical potential of ~385 MeV at this collision energy, which are close to the critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram predicted by various theoretical studies. Our results thus suggest the potential usefulness of the yield ratio of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions as a direct probe of the large density fluctuations associated with the QCD critical phenomena.
- Research Organization:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0015266; SC0012704
- OSTI ID:
- 1693627
- Alternate ID(s):
- OSTI ID: 1413929
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-114455-2017-JA; S0370269317307682; PII: S0370269317307682
- Journal Information:
- Physics Letters B, Journal Name: Physics Letters B Vol. 774 Journal Issue: C; ISSN 0370-2693
- Publisher:
- ElsevierCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- Netherlands
- Language:
- English
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