Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)

Treiman, Allan H.; Bish, David L.; Vaniman, David T.; Chipera, Steve J.; Blake, David F.; Ming, Doug W.; Morris, Richard V.; Bristow, Thomas F.; Morrison, Shaunna M.; Baker, Michael B.; Rampe, Elizabeth B.; Downs, Robert T.; Filiberto, Justin; Glazner, Allen F.; Gellert, Ralf; Thompson, Lucy M.; Schmidt, Mariek E.; Le Deit, Laetitia; Wiens, Roger Craig; McAdam, Amy C.; Achilles, Cherie N.; Edgett, Kenneth S.; Farmer, Jack D.; Fendrich, Kim V.; Grotzinger, John P.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Morookian, John Michael; Newcombe, Megan E.; Rice, Melissa S.; Spray, John G.; Stolper, Edward M.; Sumner, Dawn Y.; Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Yen, Albert S.

doi:10.1002/2015JE004932

Title: Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)

Journal Article · Sun Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004932· OSTI ID:1412866

Treiman, Allan H. ^[1]; Bish, David L. ^[2]; Vaniman, David T. ^[3]; Chipera, Steve J. ^[4]; Blake, David F. ^[5]; Ming, Doug W. ^[6]; Morris, Richard V. ^[6]; Bristow, Thomas F. ^[5]; Morrison, Shaunna M. ^[7]; Baker, Michael B. ^[8]; Rampe, Elizabeth B. ^[6]; Downs, Robert T. ^[7]; Filiberto, Justin ^[9]; Glazner, Allen F. ^[10]; Gellert, Ralf ^[11]; Thompson, Lucy M. ^[12]; Schmidt, Mariek E. ^[13]; Le Deit, Laetitia ^[14];

^[15]; McAdam, Amy C. ^[16] more »

Lunar and Planetary Inst., Houston, TX (United States)
Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
Planetary Science Inst., Tucson, AZ (United States)
Chesapeake Energy Corporation, Oklahoma City, OK (United States)
NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX (United States). Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Geosciences
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL (United States). Dept. of Geology
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States). Dept. of Geological Sciences
Univ. of Guelf, Guelf, ON (Canada). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Canada). Dept. of Earth Sciences
Brock Univ., St. Catharines, ON (Canada). Dept. of Earth Sciences
Unvi. de Nantes, Nantes (France). Laboratoire Planetologie et Geodynamique de Nantes (LPGN/CNRS)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA (United States)
Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). School of Earth and Space Exploration
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Earth Science and Engineering
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Western Washington Univ., Bellingham, WA (United States). Dept. of Earth Sciences
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of of Earth and Planetary Sciences

The Windjana drill sample, a sandstone of the Dillinger member (Kimberley formation, Gale Crater, Mars), was analyzed by CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the MSL Curiosity rover. From Rietveld refinements of its XRD pattern, Windjana contains the following: sanidine (21% weight, ~Or₉₅); augite (20%); magnetite (12%); pigeonite; olivine; plagioclase; amorphous and smectitic material (~25%); and percent levels of others including ilmenite, fluorapatite, and bassanite. From mass balance on the Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) chemical analysis, the amorphous material is Fe rich with nearly no other cations—like ferrihydrite. The Windjana sample shows little alteration and was likely cemented by its magnetite and ferrihydrite. From ChemCam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) chemical analyses, Windjana is representative of the Dillinger and Mount Remarkable members of the Kimberley formation. LIBS data suggest that the Kimberley sediments include at least three chemical components. The most K-rich targets have 5.6% K₂O, ~1.8 times that of Windjana, implying a sediment component with >40% sanidine, e.g., a trachyte. A second component is rich in mafic minerals, with little feldspar (like a shergottite). A third component is richer in plagioclase and in Na₂O, and is likely to be basaltic. The K-rich sediment component is consistent with APXS and ChemCam observations of K-rich rocks elsewhere in Gale Crater. The source of this sediment component was likely volcanic. Finally, the presence of sediment from many igneous sources, in concert with Curiosity's identifications of other igneous materials (e.g., mugearite), implies that the northern rim of Gale Crater exposes a diverse igneous complex, at least as diverse as that found in similar-age terranes on Earth.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1412866

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-27709; TRN: US1800381

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets, Vol. 121, Issue 1; ISSN 2169-9097

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 144 works

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