Phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of relevant lineages within the complex Campanulaceae family in Macaronesia

Menezes, Tiago; Romeiras, Maria M.; de Sequeira, Miguel M.; Moura, Mónica

doi:10.1002/ece3.3640

Phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of relevant lineages within the complex Campanulaceae family in Macaronesia

Journal Article · Thu Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Ecology and Evolution

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3640· OSTI ID:1410186

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CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Associate Laboratory Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Ponta Delgada Azores Portugal
Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
Madeira Botanical Group Faculdade de Ciências da Vida Universidade de Madeira Alto da Penteada Funchal Madeira Portugal

Abstract

Macaronesia has long been recognized as a natural model for studying evolutionary processes in plant diversification. Several studies have attempted to focus on single lineages, and few have covered the diversification of a family across all the archipelagos. We used a comprehensive sample to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and the biogeographic history of the Macaronesian Campanulaceae. Hypotheses related to the colonization of these archipelagos will be used to examine the diversification patterns of different lineages. We sequenced the ITS region and six cp DNA markers ( atpB , matK , petD , rbcL , trnL‐F , and psbA‐trnH ) from 10 Campanulaceae species, including seven endemic species in Macaronesia. The phylogeny of these taxa was reconstructed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. To study the relationships within each lineage, haplotype networks were calculated using NeighborNet and TCS algorithms. Moreover, data were combined with fossil information to construct time‐calibrated trees for the Macaronesian Campanulaceae species. The phylogenetic analyses are largely congruent with current taxon circumscriptions, and all the endemic genera formed monophyletic clades, namely Azorina in Azores; Musschia in Madeira; and Campanula in Cape Verde. The Azorina clade and the Cape Verde endemic Campanula may share a common ancestor in North Africa, and the divergence was dated ca. 12.3 million years ago (Mya). The divergence of the Musschia clade began in the Pliocene ca. 3.4 Mya. Moreover, several examples of intraspecific variation were revealed among the native species with a clear geographic structured patterns, suggesting that cryptic diversity might exist within the native Macaronesian Campanulaceae when compared to the close mainland taxa (e.g., Campanula erinus , Trachelium caeruleum ), but additional studies are needed to support the molecular data. This study highlights the power of combining data (e.g., phylogeny and divergence times, with species distribution data) for testing diversification hypotheses within the unique Macaronesian flora, providing useful information for future conservation efforts.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1410186

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1410358

Journal Information:: Ecology and Evolution, Journal Name: Ecology and Evolution Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 8; ISSN 2045-7758

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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