A regional assessment of white-tailed deer effects on plant invasion

Averill, Kristine M.; Mortensen, David A.; Smithwick, Erica A. H.; Kalisz, Susan; McShea, William J.; Bourg, Norman A.; Parker, John D.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Abrams, Marc D.; Apsley, David K.; Blossey, Bernd; Boucher, Douglas H.; Caraher, Kai L.; DiTommaso, Antonio; Johnson, Sarah E.; Masson, Robert; Nuzzo, Victoria A.

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx047

A regional assessment of white-tailed deer effects on plant invasion

Journal Article · Thu Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2017 · AoB Plants

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plx047· OSTI ID:1406125

Averill, Kristine M. ^[1]; Mortensen, David A. ^[1]; Smithwick, Erica A. H. ^[1]; Kalisz, Susan ^[2]; McShea, William J. ^[3]; Bourg, Norman A. ^[3]; Parker, John D. ^[4]; Royo, Alejandro A. ^[5]; Abrams, Marc D. ^[1]; Apsley, David K. ^[6]; Blossey, Bernd ^[7]; Boucher, Douglas H. ^[8]; Caraher, Kai L. ^[8]; DiTommaso, Antonio ^[7]; Johnson, Sarah E. ^[1]; Masson, Robert ^[9]; Nuzzo, Victoria A. ^[10]

The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (United States)
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD (United States)
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Irvine, PA (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Hood College, Frederick, MD (United States)
Morristown National Historical Park, Morristown, NJ (United States)
Natural Area Consultants, Richford, NY (United States)

Herbivores can profoundly influence plant species assembly, including plant invasion, and resulting community composition. Population increases of native herbivores, e.g., white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), combined with burgeoning plant invasions raise concerns for native plant diversity and forest regeneration. While individual researchers typically test for the impact of deer on plant invasion at a few sites, the overarching influence of deer on plant invasion across regional scales is unclear. We tested the effects of deer on the abundance and diversity of introduced and native herbaceous and woody plants across 23 white-tailed deer research sites distributed across the east central and northeastern United States and representing a wide range of deer densities and invasive plant abundance and identity. Deer access/exclusion or deer population density did not affect introduced plant richness or community-level abundance. Native and total plant species richness, abundance (cover and stem density), and Shannon diversity were lower in deer-access vs. deer-exclusion plots. Among deer access plots, native species richness, native and total cover, and Shannon diversity (cover) declined as deer density increased. Deer access increased the proportion of introduced species cover (but not of species richness or stem density). As deer density increased, the proportion of introduced species richness, cover, and stem density all increased. Because absolute abundance of introduced plants was unaffected by deer, the increase in proportion of introduced plant abundance is likely an indirect effect of deer reducing native cover. Indicator species analysis revealed that deer access favored three introduced plant species, including Alliaria petiolata and Microstegium vimineum, as well as four native plant species. In contrast, deer exclusion favored three introduced plant species, including Lonicera japonica and Rosa multiflora, and fifteen native plant species. Altogether, native deer reduced community diversity, lowering native plant richness and abundance, and benefited certain invasive plants, suggesting pervasive impacts of this keystone herbivore on plant community composition and ecosystem services in native forests across broad swathes of the eastern US.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 1406125

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB--17-435-FESS; 1633539

Journal Information:: AoB Plants, Journal Name: AoB Plants Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 10; ISSN 2041-2851

Publisher:: Oxford University Press; Annals of Botany CompanyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Introduction to the Special Issue: Ungulates and invasive species: quantifying impacts and understanding interactions Blossey, Bernd; Gorchov, David L. AoB PLANTS, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plx063	journal	November 2017
Experimental effects of white-tailed deer and an invasive shrub on forest ant communities Mahon, Michael B.; Campbell, Kaitlin U.; Crist, Thomas O. Oecologia, Vol. 191, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04516-8	journal	October 2019
Interactive Effects of White-Tailed Deer, an Invasive Shrub, and Exotic Earthworms on Leaf Litter Decomposition Mahon, Michael B.; Fisk, Melany C.; Crist, Thomas O. Ecosystems, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00485-9	journal	February 2020
White-tailed deer browse preference for an invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle ( Lonicera maackii ), depends on woody species composition Wright, Gabrielle A.; Juska, Ieva; Gorchov, David L. Invasive Plant Science and Management, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2018.30	journal	March 2019

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
Odocoileus virginianus
biological invasions
exotic plants
herbivory
introduced plants
palatability
plant invasion
regional pooled analysis

A regional assessment of white-tailed deer effects on plant invasion

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