Physical mechanism causing rapid changes in ultrarelativistic electron pitch angle distributions right after a shock arrival: Evaluation of an electron dropout event: Drift Shell Splitting on the Dayside

Zhang, X. -J.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Angelopoulos, V.; Ma, Q.; Li, J.; Bortnik, J.; Nishimura, Y.; Chen, L.; Baker, D. N.; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; Spence, H. E.; Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.; Blake, J. B.; Fennell, J. F.

doi:10.1002/2016JA022517

Title: Physical mechanism causing rapid changes in ultrarelativistic electron pitch angle distributions right after a shock arrival: Evaluation of an electron dropout event: Drift Shell Splitting on the Dayside

Journal Article · Sat Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022517· OSTI ID:1402610

Zhang, X. -J. ^[1]; Li, W. ^[2]; Thorne, R. M. ^[3]; Angelopoulos, V. ^[4];

^[3]; Li, J. ^[3]; Bortnik, J. ^[3]; Nishimura, Y. ^[3]; Chen, L. ^[5]; Baker, D. N. ^[6];

^[7]; Spence, H. E. ^[8]; Kletzing, C. A. ^[9]; Kurth, W. S. ^[9]; Hospodarsky, G. B. ^[9]; Blake, J. B. ^[10]; Fennell, J. F. ^[10]

Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Inst. of Geophysics and Space Physics
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; Boston Univ., MA (United States). Center for Space Physics
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences and Inst. of Geophysics and Space Physics
Univ. of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Lab. for Atmospheric and Space Research
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM (United States). Space Sciences Division
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Inst. for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain relativistic electron flux depletions (dropouts) in the Earth's outer radiation belt during storm times: adiabatic expansion of electron drift shells due to a decrease in magnetic field strength, magnetopause shadowing and subsequent outward radial diffusion, and precipitation into the atmosphere (driven by EMIC wave scattering). Which mechanism predominates in causing electron dropouts commonly observed in the outer radiation belt is still debatable. In the present study, we evaluate the physical mechanism that may be primarily responsible for causing the sudden change in relativistic electron pitch angle distributions during a dropout event observed by Van Allen Probes during the main phase of the 27 February 2014 storm. During this event, the phase space density of ultrarelativistic (>1MeV) electrons was depleted by more than 1 order of magnitude over the entire radial extent of the outer radiation belt (3 < L* < 5) in less than 6 h after the passage of an interplanetary shock. We model the electron pitch angle distribution under a compressed magnetic field topology based on actual solar wind conditions. Although these ultrarelativistic electrons exhibit highly anisotropic (peaked in 90°), energy-dependent pitch angle distributions, which appear to be associated with the typical EMIC wave scattering, comparison of the modeled electron distribution to electron measurements indicates that drift shell splitting is responsible for this rapid change in electron pitch angle distributions. This further indicates that magnetopause loss is the predominant cause of the electron dropout right after the shock arrival.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; 967399; 921647; NAS5-01072; FA9550-15-1-0158; NNX15AI96G; NNX15AF61G; NNX11AR64G; NNX13AI61G; NNX14AI18G; AGS 1405041; 1405054; 1564510

OSTI ID:: 1402610

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-23134; TRN: US1703008

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 9; ISSN 2169-9380

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 15 works

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Title: Physical mechanism causing rapid changes in ultrarelativistic electron pitch angle distributions right after a shock arrival: Evaluation of an electron dropout event: Drift Shell Splitting on the Dayside

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