Global variations in ecosystem‐scale isohydricity

Konings, Alexandra G.; Gentine, Pierre

doi:10.1111/gcb.13389

Global variations in ecosystem‐scale isohydricity

Journal Article · Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Global Change Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13389· OSTI ID:1400991

Konings, Alexandra G. ^[1]; Gentine, Pierre ^[2]

Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA, Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA, Earth Institute Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA

Abstract

Droughts are expected to become more frequent and more intense under climate change. Plant mortality rates and biomass declines in response to drought depend on stomatal and xylem flow regulation. Plants operate on a continuum of xylem and stomatal regulation strategies from very isohydric (strict regulation) to very anisohydric. Coexisting species may display a variety of isohydricity behaviors. As such, it can be difficult to predict how to model the degree of isohydricity at the ecosystem scale by aggregating studies of individual species. This is nonetheless essential for accurate prediction of ecosystem drought resilience. In this study, we define a metric for the degree of isohydricity at the ecosystem scale in analogy with a recent metric introduced at the species level. Using data from the AMSR ‐E satellite, this metric is evaluated globally based on diurnal variations in microwave vegetation optical depth ( VOD ), which is directly related to leaf water potential. Areas with low annual mean radiation are found to be more anisohydric. Except for evergreen broadleaf forests in the tropics, which are very isohydric, and croplands, which are very anisohydric, land cover type is a poor predictor of ecosystem isohydricity, in accordance with previous species‐scale observations. It is therefore also a poor basis for parameterizing water stress response in land‐surface models. For taller ecosystems, canopy height is correlated with higher isohydricity (so that rainforests are mostly isohydric). Highly anisohydric areas show either high or low underlying water use efficiency. In seasonally dry locations, most ecosystems display a more isohydric response (increased stomatal regulation) during the dry season. In several seasonally dry tropical forests, this trend is reversed, as dry‐season leaf‐out appears to coincide with a shift toward more anisohydric strategies. The metric developed in this study allows for detailed investigations of spatial and temporal variations in plant water behavior.

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011094; SC0014203

OSTI ID:: 1400991

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1536731

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 23; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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