Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter

Harden, Jennifer W.; Hugelius, Gustaf; Ahlström, Anders; Blankinship, Joseph C.; Bond‐Lamberty, Ben; Lawrence, Corey R.; Loisel, Julie; Malhotra, Avni; Jackson, Robert B.; Ogle, Stephen; Phillips, Claire; Ryals, Rebecca; Todd‐Brown, Katherine; Vargas, Rodrigo; Vergara, Sintana E.; Cotrufo, M. Francesca; Keiluweit, Marco; Heckman, Katherine A.; Crow, Susan E.; Silver, Whendee L.; DeLonge, Marcia; Nave, Lucas E.

doi:10.1111/gcb.13896

Title: Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter

Journal Article · Wed Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Global Change Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13896· OSTI ID:1398128

^[1];

^[2]; Ahlström, Anders ^[3]; Blankinship, Joseph C. ^[4];

^[5]; Lawrence, Corey R. ^[6]; Loisel, Julie ^[7]; Malhotra, Avni ^[8]; Jackson, Robert B. ^[9]; Ogle, Stephen ^[10]; Phillips, Claire ^[11];

^[12];

^[13];

^[14]; Vergara, Sintana E. ^[15]; Cotrufo, M. Francesca ^[10]; Keiluweit, Marco ^[16]; Heckman, Katherine A. ^[17]; Crow, Susan E. ^[12]; Silver, Whendee L. ^[15] more »

Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA, U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park CA USA
Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA, Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund Sweden
Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Joint Global Change Research Institute University of Maryland, College Park College Park MD USA
U.S. Geological Survey Denver CO USA
Department of Geography Texas A&,M University College Station TX USA
Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA
Department of Earth System Science Stanford University Stanford CA USA, Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University Stanford CA USA
Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
USDA‐ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit Corvallis OR USA
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA
Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
School of Earth and Sustainability Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Houghton MI USA
Food and Environment Program Union of Concerned Scientists DC USA
Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Pellston MI USA

Soil organic matter (SOM) supports the Earth's ability to sustain terrestrial ecosystems, provide food and fiber, and retains the largest pool of actively cycling carbon. Over 75% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top meter of soil is directly affected by human land use. Large land areas have lost SOC as a result of land use practices, yet there are compensatory opportunities to enhance productivity and SOC storage in degraded lands through improved management practices. Large areas with and without intentional management are also being subjected to rapid changes in climate, making many SOC stocks vulnerable to losses by decomposition or disturbance. In order to quantify potential SOC losses or sequestration at field, regional, and global scales, measurements for detecting changes in SOC are needed. Such measurements and soil-management best practices should be based on well established and emerging scientific understanding of processes of C stabilization and destabilization over various timescales, soil types, and spatial scales. As newly engaged members of the International Soil Carbon Network, we have identified gaps in data, modeling, and communication that underscore the need for an open, shared network to frame and guide the study of SOM and SOC and their management for sustained production and climate regulation.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Swedish Research Council (SRC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; E0641701; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1398128

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1398129; OSTI ID: 1399926; OSTI ID: 1413513; OSTI ID: 1476619

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-126246

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Vol. 24 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 1354-1013

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 78 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (91)

Soil carbon, nitrogen, and base cation cycling 17 years after whole-tree harvesting in a low-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens)-balsam fir (Abies balsamea) forested watershed in central Maine, USA McLaughlin, James W.; Phillips, Stephanie A. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 222, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.033	journal	February 2006
Global soil carbon: understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool Scharlemann, Jörn PW; Tanner, Edmund VJ; Hiederer, Roland Carbon Management, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.77	journal	February 2014
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting agricultural management for climate change in developing countries: providing the basis for action Ogle, Stephen M.; Olander, Lydia; Wollenberg, Lini Global Change Biology, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12361	journal	November 2013
Soil Carbon Dynamics in a Mixed Deciduous Forest Following Clear-Cutting with and without Residue Removal1 Edwards, N. T.; Ross-Todd, B. M. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700050035x	journal	January 1983
Advancing ecological research with ontologies Madin, Joshua S.; Bowers, Shawn; Schildhauer, Mark P. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.11.007	journal	March 2008
Temperature and soil organic matter decomposition rates - synthesis of current knowledge and a way forward Conant, Richard T.; Ryan, Michael G.; Ågren, Göran I. Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02496.x	journal	August 2011
The Ecology of Soil Carbon: Pools, Vulnerabilities, and Biotic and Abiotic Controls Jackson, Robert B.; Lajtha, Kate; Crow, Susan E. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054234	journal	November 2017
Climate-smart soils Paustian, Keith; Lehmann, Johannes; Ogle, Stephen Nature, Vol. 532, Issue 7597 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17174	journal	April 2016
BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants Falster, Daniel S.; Duursma, Remko A.; Ishihara, Masae I. Ecology, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1889.1	journal	May 2015
Grassland management impacts on soil carbon stocks: a new synthesis Conant, Richard T.; Cerri, Carlos E. P.; Osborne, Brooke B. Ecological Applications, Vol. 27, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1473	journal	March 2017
Mineral protection of soil carbon counteracted by root exudates Keiluweit, Marco; Bougoure, Jeremy J.; Nico, Peter S. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2580	journal	March 2015
Toward inventory-based estimates of soil organic carbon in forests of the United States Domke, G. M.; Perry, C. H.; Walters, B. F. Ecological Applications, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1516	journal	April 2017
Scaling impacts on environmental controls and spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon stocks Mishra, U.; Riley, W. J. Biogeosciences, Vol. 12, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3993-2015	journal	January 2015
A comprehensive global 5 min resolution land-use data set for the year 2000 consistent with national census data Erb, Karl-Heinz; Gaube, Veronika; Krausmann, Fridolin Journal of Land Use Science, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230701622981	journal	October 2007
CBM-CFS3: A model of carbon-dynamics in forestry and land-use change implementing IPCC standards Kurz, W. A.; Dymond, C. C.; White, T. M. Ecological Modelling, Vol. 220, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.10.018	journal	February 2009
A quantitative assessment of a terrestrial biosphere model's data needs across North American biomes: PEcAn/ED model-data uncertainty analysis Dietze, Michael C.; Serbin, Shawn P.; Davidson, Carl Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 119, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JG002392	journal	March 2014
Forest soils and carbon sequestration Lal, R. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 220, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.015	journal	December 2005
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide increases soil carbon Jastrow, Julie D.; Michael Miller, R.; Matamala, Roser Global Change Biology, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01077.x	journal	December 2005
Cycling downwards – dissolved organic matter in soils Kaiser, Klaus; Kalbitz, Karsten Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 52 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.002	journal	September 2012
Analysis of Factors Controlling Soil Organic Matter Levels in Great Plains Grasslands1 Parton, W. J.; Schimel, D. S.; Cole, C. V. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 51, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050015x	journal	January 1987
Digital mapping of soil properties in Canadian managed forests at 250m of resolution using the k-nearest neighbor method Mansuy, Nicolas; Thiffault, Evelyne; Paré, David Geoderma, Vol. 235-236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.06.032	journal	December 2014
Soil organic carbon across scales O'Rourke, Sharon M.; Angers, Denis A.; Holden, Nicholas M. Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12959	journal	June 2015
WoSIS: providing standardised soil profile data for the world Batjes, Niels H.; Ribeiro, Eloi; van Oostrum, Ad Earth System Science Data, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-1-2017	journal	January 2017
Hot spots, hot moments, and spatio-temporal controls on soil CO2 efflux in a water-limited ecosystem Leon, Elievf; Vargas, Rodrigo; Bullock, Stephen Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 77 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.029	journal	October 2014
Soil carbon 4 per mille Minasny, Budiman; Malone, Brendan P.; McBratney, Alex B. Geoderma, Vol. 292 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.002	journal	April 2017
A global database of soil respiration data Bond-Lamberty, B.; Thomson, A. Biogeosciences, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1915-2010	journal	January 2010
Advances in global change research require open science by individual researchers Wolkovich, Elizabeth M.; Regetz, James; O'Connor, Mary I. Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02693.x	journal	April 2012
Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls Kallenbach, Cynthia M.; Frey, Serita D.; Grandy, A. Stuart Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13630	journal	November 2016
A call for international soil experiment networks for studying, predicting, and managing global change impacts Torn, M. S.; Chabbi, A.; Crill, P. SOIL, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-575-2015	journal	January 2015
Insights and issues with estimating northern peatland carbon stocks and fluxes since the Last Glacial Maximum Loisel, Julie; van Bellen, Simon; Pelletier, Luc Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.001	journal	February 2017
Asymmetric and symmetric warming increases turnover of litter and unprotected soil C in grassland mesocosms Phillips, Claire L.; Murphey, Virginia; Lajtha, Kate Biogeochemistry, Vol. 128, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0204-x	journal	March 2016
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property Schmidt, Michael W. I.; Torn, Margaret S.; Abiven, Samuel Nature, Vol. 478, Issue 7367 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10386	journal	October 2011
The value of soil respiration measurements for interpreting and modeling terrestrial carbon cycling Phillips, Claire L.; Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Desai, Ankur R. Plant and Soil, Vol. 413, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-3084-x	journal	November 2016
Benefits of soil carbon: report on the outcomes of an international scientific committee on problems of the environment rapid assessment workshop Banwart, Steve; Black, Helaina; Cai, Zucong Carbon Management, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2014.913380	journal	March 2014
Harvesting Effects on Long-Term Changes in Nutrient Pools of Mixed Oak Forest Johnson, D. W.; Todd, D. E. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060034x	journal	January 1998
Compensatory water effects link yearly global land CO2 sink changes to temperature Jung, Martin; Reichstein, Markus; Schwalm, Christopher R. Nature, Vol. 541, Issue 7638 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20780	journal	January 2017
Harvest impacts on soil carbon storage in temperate forests Nave, Lucas E.; Vance, Eric D.; Swanston, Christopher W. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 259, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009	journal	February 2010
Litter and Root Manipulations Provide Insights into Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Stability Lajtha, Kate; Bowden, Richard D.; Nadelhoffer, Knute Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 78, Issue S1 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0370nafsc	journal	January 2014
Enhancing interoperability to facilitate implementation of REDD+: case study of Mexico Vargas, Rodrigo; Alcaraz-Segura, Domingo; Birdsey, Richard Carbon Management, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2017.1285177	journal	January 2017
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils via cultivation of cover crops – A meta-analysis Poeplau, Christopher; Don, Axel Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 200 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.024	journal	February 2015
Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture Six, J.; Elliott, E. T.; Paustian, K. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 32, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00179-6	journal	December 2000
Global distribution of soil organic carbon – Part 1: Masses and frequency distributions of SOC stocks for the tropics, permafrost regions, wetlands, and the world Köchy, M.; Hiederer, R.; Freibauer, A. SOIL, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-351-2015	journal	January 2015
The muddle of ages, turnover, transit, and residence times in the carbon cycle Sierra, Carlos A.; Müller, Markus; Metzler, Holger Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13556	journal	November 2016
Harmonized soil property values for broad-scale modelling (WISE30sec) with estimates of global soil carbon stocks Batjes, N. H. Geoderma, Vol. 269 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.01.034	journal	May 2016
Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps Hugelius, G.; Strauss, J.; Zubrzycki, S. Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014	journal	January 2014
Soil respiration under climate warming: differential response of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration Wang, Xin; Liu, Lingli; Piao, Shilong Global Change Biology, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12620	journal	May 2014
Soil aggregate formation and the accrual of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter Jastrow, J. D. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 28, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(95)00159-X	journal	April 1996
Warming-related increases in soil CO2 efflux are explained by increased below-ground carbon flux Giardina, Christian P.; Litton, Creighton M.; Crow, Susan E. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2322	journal	July 2014
How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration? Jandl, Robert; Lindner, Marcus; Vesterdal, Lars Geoderma, Vol. 137, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.09.003	journal	January 2007
Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research Kim, D. -G.; Vargas, R.; Bond-Lamberty, B. Biogeosciences, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012	journal	January 2012
A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon–climate feedback Koven, C. D.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Schädel, C. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 373, Issue 2054 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0423	journal	November 2015
The Place of Humans in the State Factor Theory of Ecosystems and Their Soils Amundson, Ronald; Jenny, Hans Soil Science, Vol. 151, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199101000-00012	journal	January 1991
Variations in atmospheric CO2 growth rates coupled with tropical temperature Wang, W.; Ciais, P.; Nemani, R. R. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219683110	journal	July 2013
Age of soil Organic Matter and soil Respiration: Radiocarbon Constraints on Belowground c Dynamics Trumbore, Susan Ecological Applications, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0399:AOSOMA]2.0.CO;2	journal	April 2000
Accelerated microbial turnover but constant growth efficiency with warming in soil Hagerty, Shannon B.; van Groenigen, Kees Jan; Allison, Steven D. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2361	journal	September 2014
Restoration treatments in a Montana ponderosa pine forest: Effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties Gundale, Michael J.; DeLuca, Thomas H.; Fiedler, Carl E. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 213, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.015	journal	July 2005
The contentious nature of soil organic matter Lehmann, Johannes; Kleber, Markus Nature, Vol. 528, Issue 7580 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16069	journal	November 2015
Sensitivity of tropical carbon to climate change constrained by carbon dioxide variability Cox, Peter M.; Pearson, David; Booth, Ben B. Nature, Vol. 494, Issue 7437 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11882	journal	February 2013
The effects of forest harvest intensity in combination with wind disturbance on carbon dynamics in Lake States Mesic Forests Scheller, Robert M.; Hua, Dong; Bolstad, Paul V. Ecological Modelling, Vol. 222, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.009	journal	January 2011
Limited potential of no-till agriculture for climate change mitigation Powlson, David S.; Stirling, Clare M.; Jat, M. L. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2292	journal	July 2014
Soil microbial respiration from observations and Earth System Models Shao, Pu; Zeng, Xubin; Moore, David J. P. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034034	journal	September 2013
Effects of organic matter amendments on net primary productivity and greenhouse gas emissions in annual grasslands Ryals, Rebecca; Silver, Whendee L. Ecological Applications, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0620.1	journal	January 2013
Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations Todd-Brown, K. E. O.; Randerson, J. T.; Post, W. M. Biogeosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1717-2013	journal	January 2013
Current developments in soil organic matter modeling and the expansion of model applications: a review Campbell, Eleanor E.; Paustian, Keith Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/123004	journal	December 2015
Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss Cotrufo, M. Francesca; Soong, Jennifer L.; Horton, Andrew J. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2520	journal	September 2015
Harnessing the power of big data: infusing the scientific method with machine learning to transform ecology Peters, Debra P. C.; Havstad, Kris M.; Cushing, Judy Ecosphere, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00359.1	journal	June 2014
Attributing the increase in atmospheric CO2 to emitters and absorbers Ciais, P.; Gasser, T.; Paris, J. D. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1942	journal	July 2013
Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil Schimel, Joshua P.; Schaeffer, Sean M. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00348	journal	January 2012
Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils Six, J.; Conant, R. T.; Paul, E. A. Plant and Soil, Vol. 241, Issue 2, p. 155-176 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016125726789	journal	January 2002
Microbe-driven turnover offsets mineral-mediated storage of soil carbon under elevated CO2 Sulman, Benjamin N.; Phillips, Richard P.; Oishi, A. Christopher Nature Climate Change, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2436	journal	November 2014
Permafrost Meta-Omics and Climate Change Mackelprang, Rachel; Saleska, Scott R.; Jacobsen, Carsten Suhr Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105126	journal	June 2016
Mycorrhiza-mediated competition between plants and decomposers drives soil carbon storage Averill, Colin; Turner, Benjamin L.; Finzi, Adrien C. Nature, Vol. 505, Issue 7484 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12901	journal	January 2014
Radiocarbon constraints imply reduced carbon uptake by soils during the 21st century He, Y.; Trumbore, S. E.; Torn, M. S. Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6306 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4273	journal	September 2016
The Turnover of soil Organic Matter in some of the Rothamsted Classical Experiments Jenkinson, D. S.; Rayner, J. H. Soil Science, Vol. 123, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-197705000-00005	journal	January 1977
Soil-carbon response to warming dependent on microbial physiology Allison, Steven D.; Wallenstein, Matthew D.; Bradford, Mark A. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo846	journal	April 2010
Estimating heterotrophic respiration at large scales: challenges, approaches, and next steps Bond‐Lamberty, Ben; Epron, Daniel; Harden, Jennifer Ecosphere, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1380	journal	June 2016
The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO2 sink Ahlstrom, A.; Raupach, M. R.; Schurgers, G. Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6237 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1668	journal	May 2015
Digging Into the World Beneath Our Feet: Bridging Across Scales in the Age of Global Change Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.; Wieder, William; Fierer, Noah Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 95, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014EO110004	journal	March 2014
The Relationship between Carbon Input, Aggregation, and Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization in Sustainable Cropping Systems Kong, Angela Y. Y.; Six, Johan; Bryant, Dennis C. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 69, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.0215	journal	January 2005
A handful of carbon Lehmann, Johannes Nature, Vol. 447, Issue 7141 https://doi.org/10.1038/447143a	journal	May 2007
A practical approach for uncertainty quantification of high-frequency soil respiration using Forced Diffusion chambers: uncertainty of soil respiration Lavoie, Martin; Phillips, C. L.; Risk, David Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002773	journal	January 2015
Impacts of soil incorporation of pre-incubated silica-rich rice residue on soil biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas fluxes under flooding and drying Gutekunst, Madison Y.; Vargas, Rodrigo; Seyfferth, Angelia L. Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 593-594 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.097	journal	September 2017
Architectures for enterprise integration and interoperability: Past, present and future Chen, David; Doumeingts, Guy; Vernadat, François Computers in Industry, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2007.12.016	journal	September 2008
Pyrogenic organic matter in soil: Its origin and occurrence, its chemistry and survival in soil environments Knicker, Heike Quaternary International, Vol. 243, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.02.037	journal	October 2011
Future productivity and carbon storage limited by terrestrial nutrient availability Wieder, William R.; Cleveland, Cory C.; Smith, W. Kolby Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2413	journal	April 2015
Whole-Profile Soil Carbon Stocks: The Danger of Assuming Too Much from Analyses of Too Little Kravchenko, A. N.; Robertson, G. P. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 75, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2010.0076	journal	January 2011
Simulated carbon emissions from land-use change are substantially enhanced by accounting for agricultural management Pugh, T. A. M.; Arneth, A.; Olin, S. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124008	journal	December 2015
The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon Stockmann, Uta; Adams, Mark A.; Crawford, John W. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.10.001	journal	January 2013
Mapping the world's degraded lands Gibbs, H. K.; Salmon, J. M. Applied Geography, Vol. 57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.024	journal	February 2015
Carbon accumulation in agricultural soils after afforestation: a meta-analysis: SOC ACCUMULATION FOLLOWING AFFORESTATION LaganiÃRe, JÃRÃMe; Angers, Denis A.; ParÃ, David Global Change Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01930.x	journal	January 2010
Scale and uncertainty in modeled soil organic carbon stock changes for US croplands using a process-based model Ogle, Stephen M.; Breidt, F. Jay; Easter, Mark Global Change Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01951.x	journal	February 2010