RINGS AND RADIAL WAVES IN THE DISK OF THE MILKY WAY

Xu, Yan; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Liu, Chao; Deng, Licai; Li, Jing; Schönrich, Ralph; Yanny, Brian

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/105

RINGS AND RADIAL WAVES IN THE DISK OF THE MILKY WAY

Journal Article · Wed Mar 11 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/105· OSTI ID:1395474

^[1]; Newberg, Heidi Jo ^[2]; Carlin, Jeffrey L. ^[2]; Liu, Chao ^[3]; Deng, Licai ^[3]; Li, Jing ^[4]; Schönrich, Ralph ^[5]; ^[6]

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China). Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (United States). Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (United States). Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China). Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (China). Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Rudolf-Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States). Experimental Astrophysics Group

Here, we show that in the anticenter region, between Galactic longitudes of 110° < l < 229°, there is an oscillating asymmetry in the main-sequence star counts on either side of the Galactic plane using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This asymmetry oscillates from more stars in the north at distances of about 2 kpc from the Sun to more stars in the south at 4–6 kpc from the Sun to more stars in the north at distances of 8–10 kpc from the Sun. We also see evidence that there are more stars in the south at distances of 12–16 kpc from the Sun. The three more distant asymmetries form roughly concentric rings around the Galactic center, opening in the direction of the Milky Way's spiral arms. The northern ring, 9 kpc from the Sun, is easily identified with the previously discovered Monoceros Ring. Parts of the southern ring at 14 kpc from the Sun (which we call the TriAnd Ring) have previously been identified as related to the Monoceros Ring, and others have been called the Triangulum Andromeda Overdensity. The two nearer oscillations are approximated by a toy model in which the disk plane is offset by the order of 100 pc up and then down at different radii. We also show that the disk is not azimuthally symmetric around the Galactic anticenter and that there could be a correspondence between our observed oscillations and the spiral structure of the Galaxy. Lastly, our observations suggest that the TriAnd and Monoceros Rings (which extend to at least 25 kpc from the Galactic center) are primarily the result of disk oscillations.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

OSTI ID:: 1395474

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1503.00257; FERMILAB-PUB--17-388-CD; 1624635

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 801; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Milky Way Tomography with K and M Dwarf Stars: The Vertical Structure of the Galactic Disk Ferguson, Deborah; Gardner, Susan; Yanny, Brian The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 843, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa77fd	journal	July 2017
A Map of the Local Velocity Substructure in the Milky Way Disk Pearl, Alan N.; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Carlin, Jeffrey L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 847, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8623	journal	September 2017
A Galactic Plane Defined by the Milky Way H ii Region Distribution Anderson, L. D.; Wenger, Trey V.; Armentrout, W. P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf571	journal	January 2019
Identifying Galactic Halo Substructure in 6D Phase Space Using ∼13,000 LAMOST K Giants Yang, Chengqun; Xue, Xiang-Xiang; Li, Jing The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2462	journal	July 2019
The Implications of Local Fluctuations in the Galactic Midplane for Dynamical Analysis in the Gaia Era Beane, Angus; Sanderson, Robyn E.; Ness, Melissa K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3d3c	journal	September 2019
Mapping the Galactic Disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red Clump Sample. III. A New Velocity Substructure and Time Stamps of the Galactic Disk Asymmetry in the Disk between 12 and 15 kpc Wang, Hai-Feng; Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Huang, Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4204	journal	October 2019
Triangulum–Andromeda Overdensity: a Region with a Complex Stellar Population Sales Silva, J. V.; Perottoni, H. D.; Cunha, K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4ada	journal	November 2019
Elemental Abundances in M31: A Comparative Analysis of Alpha and Iron Element Abundances in the the Outer Disk, Giant Stellar Stream, and Inner Halo of M31 Escala, Ivanna; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Kirby, Evan N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6659	journal	February 2020
Stellar Mass Distribution and Star Formation History of the Galactic Disk Revealed by Mono-age Stellar Populations from LAMOST Xiang, Maosheng; Shi, Jianrong; Liu, Xiaowei The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 237, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aad237	journal	August 2018
Fitting the Density Substructure of the Stellar Halo with MilkyWay@home Weiss, Jake; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Newby, Matthew The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 238, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aadb92	journal	September 2018
New Nearby Hypervelocity Stars and Their Spatial Distribution from Gaia DR2 Du, Cuihua; Li, Hefan; Yan, Yepeng The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 244, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab328c	journal	August 2019
Disk-like Chemistry of the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity as Seen by APOGEE Hayes, Christian R.; Majewski, Steven R.; Hasselquist, Sten The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac38c	journal	May 2018
Time Stamps of Vertical Phase Mixing in the Galactic Disk from LAMOST/ Gaia Stars Tian, Hai-Jun; Liu, Chao; Wu, Yue The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aae1f3	journal	September 2018
The Origin of High-velocity Stars from Gaia and LAMOST Du, Cuihua; Li, Hefan; Newberg, Heidi Jo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf578	journal	December 2018
Ripple Patterns in In-plane Velocities of OB Stars from LAMOST and Gaia Cheng, Xinlun; Liu, Chao; Mao, Shude The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab020e	journal	February 2019
Asymmetric Mean Metallicity Distribution of the Milky Way’s Disk An, Deokkeun The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2467	journal	June 2019
Thirty Meter Telescope Detailed Science Case: 2015 Skidmore, Warren; Dell'Antonio, Ian; Fukugawa, Misato arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.01195	text	January 2015
Determining the local dark matter density with LAMOST data Xia, Qiran; Liu, Chao; Mao, Shude arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.06810	text	January 2015
Disentangling the Virgo Overdensity with RR Lyrae stars Vivas, A. Katherina; Zinn, Robert; Farmer, John arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.08981	text	January 2016
Milky Way Tomography with K and M Dwarf Stars: the Vertical Structure of the Galactic Disk Ferguson, Deborah; Gardner, Susan; Yanny, Brian arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.01900	text	January 2017
A Map of the Local Velocity Substructure in the Milky Way Disk Pearl, Alan N.; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Carlin, Jeffrey L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.03672	text	January 2017
Rediscovering the Galactic outer disk with LAMOST data Liu, Chao; Xu, Yan; Wang, Haifeng arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.03977	text	January 2017
Warp, Waves, and Wrinkles in the Milky Way Schönrich, Ralph; Dehnen, Walter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.06616	text	January 2017
Mapping the Milky Way with LAMOST III: Complicated spatial structure in the outer disc Wang, Hai-Feng; Liu, Chao; Xu, Yan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.10485	text	January 2018
Stellar mass distribution and star formation history of the Galactic disk revealed by mono-age stellar populations from LAMOST Xiang, Maosheng; Shi, Jianrong; Liu, Xiaowei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.04592	text	January 2018
Footprints of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy in the $Gaia$ data set Laporte, Chervin F. P.; Minchev, Ivan; Johnston, Kathryn V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.00451	text	January 2018
Clouds in Arms Belokurov, Vasily; Erkal, Denis arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.00462	text	January 2018
Fitting the density substructure of the stellar halo with MilkyWay@home Weiss, Jake; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Newby, Matthew arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.06659	text	January 2018
The origin of high velocity stars from Gaia and LAMOST Du, Cuihua; Li, Hefan; Newberg, Heidi Jo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.00559	text	January 2018
Mapping the Galactic disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red clump sample: III: A new velocity substructure and time stamps of the Galactic disk asymmetry in the disk between 12$-$15 \,kpc Wang, H. -F.; Carlin, J. L.; Huang, Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.02839	text	January 2019
New nearby hypervelocity stars and their spatial distribution from Gaia DR2 Du, Cuihua; Li, Hefan; Yan, Yepeng arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.06348	text	January 2019
Elemental Abundances in M31: A Comparative Analysis of Iron and Alpha Element Abundances in the Outer Disk, Giant Stellar Stream, and Inner Halo of M31 Escala, Ivanna; Gilbert, Karoline M.; Kirby, Evan N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.00006	text	January 2019
Triangulum-Andromeda overdensity: a region with a complex stellar population Silva, J. V. Sales; Perottoni, H. D.; Cunha, K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.06457	text	January 2019

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