Interannual Variation in Hydrologic Budgets in an Amazonian Watershed with a Coupled Subsurface–Land Surface Process Model

Niu, Jie; Shen, Chaopeng; Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Melack, John M.; Riley, William J.

doi:10.1175/JHM-D-17-0108.1

Title: Interannual Variation in Hydrologic Budgets in an Amazonian Watershed with a Coupled Subsurface–Land Surface Process Model

Journal Article · Fri Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Hydrometeorology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-17-0108.1· OSTI ID:1395202

Niu, Jie ^[1]; Shen, Chaopeng ^[2]; Chambers, Jeffrey Q. ^[3]; Melack, John M. ^[4]; Riley, William J. ^[3]

Institute of Groundwater and Earth Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, and Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California

The central Amazon forest is projected to experience larger interannual precipitation variability, with uncertain impacts on terrestrial hydrologic fluxes. How surface runoff, groundwater, and evapotranspiration (ET) change as a function of annual precipitation (AP) has large climate and biogeochemical implications. A process-based hydrological model is used to examine the sensitivity of hydrologic budgets and stream discharge Qsgeneration to AP in an upland Amazon catchment. The authors find that AP strongly controls infiltration, base flow, and surface runoff, but not ET. Hence, AP alone can predict interannual changes in these fluxes except ET. Experiments with perturbed rainfall show the strong control derives from the predominant groundwater component that varies linearly with AP but is insensitive to seasonal rainfall fluctuations. Most rainfall from large storms infiltrates and becomes base flow rather than runoff or ET. Annual baseflow index (BFI; the fraction of stream discharge from base flow) is nearly constant (~0.8) when AP is below ~2500 mmyr-1and decreases with AP above this value, which represents an inflection point for increased storage-dependent saturation excess. These results indicate that the system is energy limited and groundwater dominated in dry seasons, which implies some resilience of ET to moderate droughts. The results suggest AP is a good predictor for interannual changes in infiltration. Both the seasonal near-surface soil moisture and surface runoff are correlated more strongly to the subsurface fluxes than to precipitation over monthly and annual time scales. Finally, the results confirm the importance of central Amazon groundwater flow and its buffering effect on storms and droughts, implying needed model development in regional to global models.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1395202

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1476532

Journal Information:: Journal of Hydrometeorology, Journal Name: Journal of Hydrometeorology Vol. 18 Journal Issue: 9; ISSN 1525-755X

Publisher:: American Meteorological SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 15 works

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