Interfacial Phenomena and Mechanical Behavior of Polyetheretherketone/Polybenzimidazole Blend under Hygrothermal Environment

Liu, Peng; Mullins, Michael; Bremner, Tim; Benner, Natalie; Sue, Hung-Jue

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01533

Title: Interfacial Phenomena and Mechanical Behavior of Polyetheretherketone/Polybenzimidazole Blend under Hygrothermal Environment

Journal Article · Tue May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. B

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01533· OSTI ID:1394554

^[1]; Mullins, Michael ^[2]; Bremner, Tim ^[3]; Benner, Natalie ^[2];

^[4]

Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymer Technology Center
Hoerbiger Corporation of America, Inc., Houston, TX (United States)
Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymer Technology Center

Demands for engineering applications of high performance polymers, such as the polyaryletherketone families, have grown significantly in recent years. Fundamental knowledge on the mechanical behavior of such polymers, especially under harsh environments, is still lacking. In this study, the mechanical behavior and interfacial phenomena of a blend of polybenzimidazole (PBI) particles having sizes of about 50 μm and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix at 50:50 weight ratio was characterized. PBI and PEEK are known to be incompatible with each other in the dry state. The possible influence of hygrothermal exposure on interfacial bonding between PEEK and PBI has been systematically studied. Under dry conditions, the PEEK matrix dominates the dynamic mechanical behavior, indicating no noticeable viscoelastic coupling between the two phases. After being exposed to hygrothermal conditions, the T_g of the PEEK phase in the blend shifts to a lower temperature by as much as 26 °C. The extent of this shift is much greater than what is observed for neat PEEK alone under the same condition. Nanomechanical property mapping results indicate that the interfacial region is broadened after 288 °C hot water immersion treatment. The above finding strongly suggests the hygrothermal conditioning promotes apparent compatibility between PEEK and PBI. Likewise, the fracture behavior of the blend provides direct evidence that the interfacial adhesion is greater than the cohesive strength of either phase after water immersion. In the meantime, it is found that both fracture toughness and tensile strength of the blend are improved by water absorption at 60 °C, at the expense of a minor reduction in Young’s modulus. However, if the blend is exposed to hot water at 288 °C, all of the mechanical properties will deteriorate significantly. In conclusion, the possible causes of the mechanical property deterioration in the PEEK/PBI blend after hygrothermal treatment are discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; US Department of the Interior

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; E14AC00001

OSTI ID:: 1394554

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, Vol. 121, Issue 21; ISSN 1520-6106

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 15 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (63)

Block Copolymers in Homopolymer Blends: Interface vs Micelles Adedeji, Adeyinka; Lyu, Suping; Macosko, Christopher W. Macromolecules, Vol. 34, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma001944b	journal	November 2001
High-temperature steam-treatment of PBI, PEEK, and PEKK polymers with H2O and D2O: A solid-state NMR study Pope, Jacqueline C.; Sue, Hung-Jue; Bremner, Tim Polymer, Vol. 55, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.07.027	journal	September 2014
Failure mechanisms of polymer interfaces reinforced with block copolymers Creton, Costantino; Kramer, Edward J.; Hui, Chung Yuen Macromolecules, Vol. 25, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00038a010	journal	June 1992
Study of fracture mechanisms of multiphase polymers using the double-notch four-point-bending method Sue, H. -J.; Yee, A. F. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 28, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00354702	journal	January 1993
Influence of Trace Amount of Well-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes on Structural Development and Tensile Properties of Polypropylene Liu, Peng; White, Kevin L.; Sugiyama, Hiroaki Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma3020323	journal	December 2012
Thermal Degradation of Polymers. IV. Poly-2,2′-( m -phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole Shulman, Garson P.; Lochte, Wilson Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A - Chemistry, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/10601326708053980	journal	January 1967
Novel Morphologies of Block Copolymer Blends via Hydrogen Bonding Jiang, Shimei; Göpfert, Astrid; Abetz, Volker Macromolecules, Vol. 36, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0342933	journal	July 2003
Crystallization behaviour of poly(ether-ether-ketone) Cebe, Peggy; Hong, Su-Don Polymer, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(86)90006-6	journal	August 1986
Dynamic mechanical and thermal characterization of high‐performance polybenzoxazines Shen, Shyan Bob; Ishida, Hatsuo Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 37, Issue 23, p. 3257-3268 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19991201)37:23<3257::AID-POLB1>3.3.CO;2-S	journal	October 1999
Rubber particle size and type effects on scratch behavior of styrenic-based copolymers Hossain, Mohammad Motaher; Moghbelli, Ehsan; Jahnke, Eike Polymer, Vol. 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.045	journal	April 2015
Fracture behavior of oriented poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) Wu, Gwo-Mei; Schultz, J. M. Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 29, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290609	journal	March 1989
Tailored Nanoparticles for Enhancing Polymer Adhesion Su, Gregory M.; Best, Katherine; Ranganathan, Thangamani Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma200561g	journal	June 2011
NMR characterization of intermolecular interactions for polymers, IV. Intermolecular interactions of low molecular weight analogues for compatible blends of polystyrene and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) Djordjevic, Miomir B.; Porter, Roger S. Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 23, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231203	journal	August 1983
Electrical conductivity and thermal stability of polypropylene containing well-dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes disentangled with exfoliated nanoplatelets Chu, Chien-Chia; White, Kevin L.; Liu, Peng Carbon, Vol. 50, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.05.063	journal	October 2012
Quantitative scratch visibility assessment of polymers based on Erichsen and ASTM/ISO scratch testing methodologies Liu, Peng; Lee Browning, Robert; Sue, Hung-Jue Polymer Testing, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.04.015	journal	September 2011
Theory of the Interface between Immiscible Polymers. II Helfand, Eugene; Tagami, Yukiko The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 56, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1677735	journal	April 1972
Scratch resistance of high performance polymers Friedrich, K.; Sue, H. J.; Liu, P. Tribology International, Vol. 44, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2011.04.008	journal	August 2011
High-temperature steam-treatment of PBI, PEKK, and a PEKK-PBI Blend: A solid-state NMR and IR spectroscopic study Guenther, Johannes; Wong, Minhao; Sue, Hung-Jue Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 128, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38695	journal	October 2012
Accelerated degradation of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite materials for recycling applications Dandy, L. O.; Oliveux, G.; Wood, J. Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 112 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.12.012	journal	February 2015
Surface and interfacial tensions of polymer melts. II. Poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(n-butyl methacrylate), and polystyrene Wu, Souheng The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100698a026	journal	February 1970
Engineering Nanostructured Polymer Blends with Controlled Nanoparticle Location using Janus Particles Walther, Andreas; Matussek, Kerstin; Müller, Axel H. E. ACS Nano, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn800108y	journal	June 2008
An n.m.r. study of absorbed water in polybenzimidazole Brooks, N. W.; Duckett, R. A.; Rose, J. Polymer, Vol. 34, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90664-V	journal	January 1993
A binary interaction model for miscibility of copolymers in blends Paul, D. R.; Barlow, J. W. Polymer, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(84)90207-6	journal	April 1984
Thermodynamics of Polymer Compatibility Patterson, Donald; Robard, Andrée Macromolecules, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60064a015	journal	July 1978
Hygrothermal diffusion behavior in bismaleimide resin Li, Yanmei; Miranda, John; Sue, Hung-Jue Polymer, Vol. 42, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00241-5	journal	August 2001
Blends of rigid and flexible macromolecules: poly(benzimidazole) mixed with poly(vinyl acetate-stat-vinyl alcohol) copolymers Adams, G. W.; Cowie, J. M. G. Polymer, Vol. 40, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00439-X	journal	April 1999
Effect of a diblock copolymer on the adhesion between incompatible polymers Brown, Hugh R. Macromolecules, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00196a059	journal	June 1989
Structure and Strength at Immiscible Polymer Interfaces Ge, Ting; Grest, Gary S.; Robbins, Mark O. ACS Macro Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/mz400407m	journal	September 2013
Determination of epoxy coating wet-adhesive strength using a standardized ASTM/ISO scratch test Jiang, Han; Browning, Robert; Liu, Peng Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-010-9296-8	journal	October 2010
Hydrogen bonding in polybenzimidazole/polyimide systems: a Fourier-transform infra-red investigation using low-molecular-weight monofunctional probes Musto, P.; Karasz, F. E.; MacKnight, W. J. Polymer, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90072-4	journal	June 1989
Studies in heterocyclic chemistry—III Morgan, K. J.; Turner, A. M. Tetrahedron, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(69)85025-8	journal	January 1969
Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy on the thermo-oxidative degradation of polybenzimidazole and of a polybenzimidazole/polyetherimide blend Musto, P.; Karasz, F. E.; MacKnight, W. J. Polymer, Vol. 34, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90618-K	journal	January 1993
Quantitative Mapping of the Elastic Modulus of Soft Materials with HarmoniX and PeakForce QNM AFM Modes Dokukin, Maxim E.; Sokolov, Igor Langmuir, Vol. 28, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/la302706b	journal	November 2012
Moisture diffusion behavior in bismaleimide resin subjected to hygrothermal cycling Li, Yanmei; Miranda, John; Sue, Hung-Jue Polymer Engineering & Science, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.10955	journal	February 2002
Theory of the interface between polymers or polymer solutions. I. Two components system Roe, Ryong-Joon The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430502	journal	January 1975
Proton conducting composite membranes from polyether ether ketone and heteropolyacids for fuel cell applications Zaidi, S. M. J.; Mikhailenko, S. D.; Robertson, G. P. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 173, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00345-8	journal	July 2000
Miscibility Behavior of Polybenzimidazole/Sulfonated Polysulfone Blends for Use in Fuel Cell Applications Deimede, V.; Voyiatzis, G. A.; Kallitsis, J. K. Macromolecules, Vol. 33, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma000165s	journal	October 2000
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of some miscible polybenzimidazole/polyimide blends Guerra, Gaetano; Choe, Soonja; Williams, David J. Macromolecules, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00179a044	journal	January 1988
Crystallization behavior and morphological characterization of poly(ether ether ketone) Jin, Lin; Ball, Jerry; Bremner, Tim Polymer, Vol. 55, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.045	journal	September 2014
Miscible blends of aromatic polybenzimidazoles and aromatic polyimides Leung, Louis; Williams, David J.; Karasz, Frank E. Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00955579	journal	November 1986
Binary blends of poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether imide): miscibility, crystallization behavior and semicrystalline morphology Crevecoeur, G.; Groeninckx, G. Macromolecules, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00005a034	journal	March 1991
Hydrogen-Bonding Strength in the Blends of Polybenzimidazole with BTDA- and DSDA-Based Polyimides Ahn, Tae-Kwang; Kim, Mojun; Choe, Soonja Macromolecules, Vol. 30, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma951757r	journal	June 1997
Multinuclear solid-state NMR investigation of the moisture distribution in PEEK-PBI and PEKK-PBI blends Pope, Jacqueline C.; Sue, Hung-Jue; Bremner, Tim Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 132, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.41421	journal	September 2014
Compatibility in immiscible poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(ether sulfone) blends Arzak, A.; Eguiazábal, J. I.; Nazábal, J. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580320	journal	October 1995
On the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in miscible polymer blends Moskala, E. J.; Howe, S. E.; Painter, Paul C. Macromolecules, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00139a006	journal	September 1984
Theory of the interface between immiscible polymers Helfand, Eugene; Tagami, Yukiko Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.110091006	journal	October 1971
Hydrogen bonding in polybenzimidazole/poly(ether imide) blends: a spectroscopic study Musto, P.; Karasz, F. E.; MacKnight, W. J. Macromolecules, Vol. 24, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00017a006	journal	August 1991
Durability of ABPBI-based MEAs for High Temperature PEMFCs at Different Operating Conditions Wannek, C.; Kohnen, B.; Oetjen, H. -F. Fuel Cells, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200700059	journal	April 2008
Interfacial properties of immiscible homopolymer blends in the presence of block copolymers Noolandi, J.; Hong, K. M. Macromolecules, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00230a054	journal	March 1982
Hygrothermal behavior of polybenzimidazole Liu, Peng; Mullins, Michael; Bremner, Tim Polymer, Vol. 93 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.020	journal	June 2016
Segregation of block copolymers to interfaces between immiscible homopolymers Shull, Kenneth R.; Kramer, Edward J.; Hadziioannou, Georges Macromolecules, Vol. 23, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00224a006	journal	October 1990
Viscoelastic Property Mapping with Contact Resonance Force Microscopy Killgore, J. P.; Yablon, D. G.; Tsou, A. H. Langmuir, Vol. 27, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/la203434w	journal	December 2011
Molecular weight and polydispersity effects at polymer-polymer interfaces Broseta, Daniel; Fredrickson, Glenn H.; Helfand, Eugene Macromolecules, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00203a023	journal	January 1990
Synergism observed in polybenzoxazine and poly(ε-caprolactone) blends by dynamic mechanical and thermogravimetric analysis Ishida, H.; Lee, Y. -H Polymer, Vol. 42, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00051-9	journal	July 2001
Cross-linked poly(2,5-benzimidazole) consisting of wholly aromatic groups for high-temperature PEM fuel cell applications Kim, Sung-Kon; Kim, Tae-Ho; Ko, Taeyun Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 373, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.02.039	journal	May 2011
Polyolefin soluble polyisobutylene oligomer-bound metallophthalocyanine and azo dye additives Priyadarshani, Nilusha; Benzine, Chase W.; Cassidy, Benjamin Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 52, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.27031	journal	November 2013
Development of miscible blends of polyamide-6 and manganese sulfonated polystyrene using specific interactions Lu, Xinya; Weiss, R. A. Macromolecules, Vol. 24, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00015a021	journal	July 1991
Temperature and strain-rate effects on the fracture toughness of poly(ether ether ketone) and its short glass-fibre reinforced composite Karger-Kocsis, J.; Friedrich, K. Polymer, Vol. 27, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(86)90272-7	journal	November 1986
Adhesion between Immiscible Polymers Correlated with Interfacial Entanglements Cole, Phillip J.; Cook, Robert F.; Macosko, Christopher W. Macromolecules, Vol. 36, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma020789t	journal	April 2003
Quantitative mapping of elastic moduli at the nanoscale in phase separated polyurethanes by AFM Schön, Peter; Bagdi, Kristóf; Molnár, Kinga European Polymer Journal, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.09.029	journal	April 2011
Glass transition and melting behavior of poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PEEK) Cheng, Stephen Z. D.; Cao, M. Y.; Wunderlich, Bernhard Macromolecules, Vol. 19, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00161a015	journal	July 1986
Mechanical properties of talc- and CaCO3-reinforced high-crystallinity polypropylene composites Weon, J. -I.; Sue, H. -J. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 41, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-7171-x	journal	April 2006
Molecular-Level Processing of Conjugated Polymers. 4. Layer-by-Layer Manipulation of Polyaniline via Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions Stockton, W. B.; Rubner, M. F. Macromolecules, Vol. 30, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9700486	journal	May 1997

Similar Records

Hygrothermal behavior of polybenzimidazole

Journal Article · Mon Apr 11 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Polymer · OSTI ID:1394554

Liu, Peng; Mullins, Michael; Bremner, Tim; +2 more

PBI nanofiber mat-reinforced anion exchange membranes with covalently linked interfaces for use in water electrolysers

Journal Article · Fri Sep 03 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Membrane Science · OSTI ID:1394554

Najibah, Malikah; Tsoy, Ekaterina; Khalid, Hamza; +9 more

Blended polybenzimidazole and melamine-co-formaldehyde thermosets

Journal Article · Wed May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Membrane Science · OSTI ID:1394554

Klaehn, John R.; Orme, Christopher J.; Peterson, Eric S.

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Absorption
Deformation
Interfaces
Phase transitions
Polymers

Title: Interfacial Phenomena and Mechanical Behavior of Polyetheretherketone/Polybenzimidazole Blend under Hygrothermal Environment

Citation Formats

References (63)

Similar Records

Related Subjects