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Time-varying sodium absorption in the Type Ia supernova 2013gh

Journal Article · · Astronomy and Astrophysics
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [6];  [1];  [7];  [7];  [1];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [1];  [11];  [12] more »;  [13] « less
  1. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
  2. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  3. Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Washington, DC (United States)
  4. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  5. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  6. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  7. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States); Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA (United States)
  8. Univ. of Turku (Finland); Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  9. Humboldt Univ. of Berlin (Germany)
  10. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  11. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  12. Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  13. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
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Context. Temporal variability of narrow absorption lines in high-resolution spectra of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is studied to search for circumstellar matter. Time series which resolve the profiles of absorption lines such as Na I D or Ca II H&K are expected to reveal variations due to photoionisation and subsequent recombination of the gases. The presence, composition, and geometry of circumstellar matter may hint at the elusive progenitor system of SNe Ia and could also affect the observed reddening law. Aims. To date, there are few known cases of time-varying Na I D absorption in SNe Ia, all of which occurred during relatively late phases of the supernova (SN) evolution. Photoionisation, however, is predicted to occur during the early phases of SNe Ia, when the supernovae peak in the ultraviolet. We attempt, therefore, to observe early-time absorption-line variations by obtaining high-resolution spectra of SNe before maximum light. Methods. In this paper, we have obtained photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of SNe Ia 2013gh and iPTF 13dge, to search for absorption-line variations. Furthermore, we study interstellar absorption features in relation to the observed photometric colours of the SNe. Results. Both SNe display deep Na I D and Ca II H&K absorption features. Furthermore, small but significant variations are detected in a feature of the Na I D profile of SN 2013gh. The variations are consistent with either geometric effects of rapidly moving or patchy gas clouds or photoionisation of Na I gas at R ≈ 1019 cm from the explosion. Conclusions. Our analysis indicates that it is necessary to focus on early phases to detect photoionisation effects of gases in the circumstellar medium of SNe Ia. Different absorbers such as Na I and Ca II can be used to probe for matter at different distances from the SNe. Finally, the nondetection of variations during early phases makes it possible to put limits on the abundance of the species at those distances.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (United States); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1393067
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1407901
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--17-27745; ark:/13030/qt8v96d3ch
Journal Information:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Journal Name: Astronomy and Astrophysics Vol. 592; ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP SciencesCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (4)

Observational properties of thermonuclear supernovae journal August 2019
Surface Radioactivity or Interactions? Multiple Origins of Early-excess Type Ia Supernovae and Associated Subclasses journal October 2018
Observations of Type Ia Supernova 2014J for Nearly 900 Days and Constraints on Its Progenitor System journal August 2019
High-velocity Feature as the Indicator of the Stellar Population of Type Ia Supernovae journal November 2019

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Astronomy and Astrophysics
SN 2013gh
circumstellar matter
dust
extinction
iPTF 13dge
supernovae