THE DIFFERENCE IMAGING PIPELINE FOR THE TRANSIENT SEARCH IN THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY

Kessler, R.; Marriner, J.; Childress, M.; Covarrubias, R.; D’Andrea, C. B.; Finley, D. A.; Fischer, J.; Foley, R. J.; Goldstein, D.; Gupta, R. R.; Kuehn, K.; Marcha, M.; Nichol, R. C.; Papadopoulos, A.; Sako, M.; Scolnic, D.; Smith, M.; Sullivan, M.; Wester, W.; Yuan, F.; Abbott, T.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernstein, G. M.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Kind, M. Carrasco; Castander, F. J.; Crocce, M.; Costa, L. N.  da; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Eifler, T. F.; Neto, A. Fausti; Flaugher, B.; Frieman, J.; Gerdes, D. W.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Honscheid, K.; James, D. J.; Kuropatkin, N.; Li, T. S.; Maia, M. A.  G.; Marshall, J. L.; Martini, P.; Miller, C. J.; Miquel, R.; Nord, B.; Ogando, R.; Plazas, A. A.; Reil, K.; Romer, A. K.; Roodman, A.; Sanchez, E.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Smith, R. C.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, F.; Tarle, G.; Thaler, J.; Thomas, R. C.; Tucker, D.; Walker, A. R.

doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/172

THE DIFFERENCE IMAGING PIPELINE FOR THE TRANSIENT SEARCH IN THE DARK ENERGY SURVEY

Journal Article · Thu Nov 05 23:00:00 EST 2015 · The Astronomical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/172· OSTI ID:1392335

; Marriner, J.; Childress, M.; Covarrubias, R.; D’Andrea, C. B.; Finley, D. A.; Fischer, J.; Foley, R. J.; ; Gupta, R. R.; Kuehn, K.; Marcha, M.; Nichol, R. C.; Papadopoulos, A.; Sako, M.; Scolnic, D.; Smith, M.; ; Wester, W.; Yuan, F. more »

We describe the operation and performance of the difference imaging pipeline (DiffImg) used to detect transients in deep images from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova program (DES-SN) in its first observing season from 2013 August through 2014 February. DES-SN is a search for transients in which ten 3 deg(2) fields are repeatedly observed in the g, r, i, z passbands with a cadence of about 1 week. The observing strategy has been optimized to measure high-quality light curves and redshifts for thousands of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with the goal of measuring dark energy parameters. The essential DiffImg functions are to align each search image to a deep reference image, do a pixel-by-pixel subtraction, and then examine the subtracted image for significant positive detections of point-source objects. The vast majority of detections are subtraction artifacts, but after selection requirements and image filtering with an automated scanning program, there are similar to 130 detections per deg(2) per observation in each band, of which only similar to 25% are artifacts. Of the similar to 7500 transients discovered by DES-SN in its first observing season, each requiring a detection on at least two separate nights, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations predict that 27% are expected to be SNe Ia or core-collapse SNe. Another similar to 30% of the transients are artifacts in which a small number of observations satisfy the selection criteria for a single-epoch detection. Spectroscopic analysis shows that most of the remaining transients are AGNs and variable stars. Fake SNe Ia are overlaid onto the images to rigorously evaluate detection efficiencies and to understand the DiffImg performance. The DiffImg efficiency measured with fake SNe agrees well with expectations from a MC simulation that uses analytical calculations of the fluxes and their uncertainties. In our 8 "shallow" fields with single-epoch 50% completeness depth similar to 23.5, the SN Ia efficiency falls to 1/2 at redshift z approximate to 0.7; in our 2 "deep" fields with mag-depth similar to 24.5, the efficiency falls to 1/2 at z approximate to 1.1. A remaining performance issue is that the measured fluxes have additional scatter (beyond Poisson fluctuations) that increases with the host galaxy surface brightness at the transient location. This bright-galaxy issue has minimal impact on the SNe Ia program, but it may lower the efficiency for finding fainter transients on bright galaxies.

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Contributing Organization:: The DES Collaboration

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1392335

Journal Information:: The Astronomical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astronomical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 150; ISSN 1538-3881

Publisher:: IOP Publishing - AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The Dark Energy Survey Image Processing Pipeline Morganson, E.; Gruendl, R. A.; Menanteau, F. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 130, Issue 989 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aab4ef	journal	May 2018
Automated Transient Detection with Shapelet Analysis in Image-subtracted Data Ackley, Kendall; Eikenberry, Stephen S.; Yildirim, Ceren arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.06982	text	January 2019
The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Hundreds of Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification and Year 1 Observations Diehl, H. T.; Buckley-Geer, E. J.; Lindgren, K. A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 232, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aa8667	journal	September 2017
Quasar Accretion Disk Sizes from Continuum Reverberation Mapping from the Dark Energy Survey Mudd, D.; Martini, P.; Zu, Y. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.20889	text	January 2018
simsurvey : estimating transient discovery rates for the Zwicky transient facility Feindt, Ulrich; Nordin, Jakob; Rigault, Mickael Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-03879	text	January 2019
iPTF Survey for Cool Transients Adams, S. M.; Blagorodnova, N.; Kasliwal, M. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.10501	text	January 2017
simsurvey : estimating transient discovery rates for the Zwicky transient facility Feindt, Ulrich; Nordin, Jakob; Rigault, Mickael Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/10/005	journal	October 2019
The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample Scolnic, D. M.; Jones, D. O.; Rest, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab9bb	journal	May 2018
First cosmology results using Type IA supernovae from the dark energy survey: effects of chromatic corrections to supernova photometry on measurements of cosmological parameters Lasker, J.; Kessler, R.; Scolnic, D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz619	journal	March 2019
On the relative bias of void tracers in the Dark Energy Survey Pollina, G.; Hamaus, N.; Paech, K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1470	journal	May 2019
The Dark Energy Survey: Data Release 1 Abbott, Tmc; Abdalla, Fb; Allam, S. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.37745	text	January 2018
An Information Theory Approach on Deciding Spectroscopic Follow Ups Astudillo, Javiera; Protopapas, Pavlos; Pichara, Karim arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.02444	text	January 2019
Cosmological Constraints from Multiple Probes in the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration, Des; Abbott, T. M. C.; Alarcon, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.02375	text	January 2018
Color Me Intrigued: The Discovery of iPTF 16fnm, an SN 2002cx–like Object Miller, A. A.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Cao, Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8c7e	journal	October 2017
CIV Black Hole Mass Measurements with the Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES) Hoormann, J. K.; Martini, P.; Davis, T. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.04206	text	January 2019
Avocado: Photometric Classification of Astronomical Transients with Gaussian Process Augmentation Boone, Kyle arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.04690	text	January 2019

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