Controlling Molecular Doping in Organic Semiconductors

Jacobs, Ian E.; Moulé, Adam J.

doi:10.1002/adma.201703063

Title: Controlling Molecular Doping in Organic Semiconductors

Journal Article · Fri Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703063· OSTI ID:1537362

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Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

The field of organic electronics thrives on the hope of enabling low-cost, solution-processed electronic devices with mechanical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties not available from inorganic semiconductors. A key to the success of these aspirations is the ability to controllably dope organic semiconductors with high spatial resolution. In this work, recent progress in molecular doping of organic semiconductors is summarized, with an emphasis on solution-processed p-type doped polymeric semiconductors. Highlighted topics include how solution-processing techniques can control the distribution, diffusion, and density of dopants within the organic semiconductor, and, in turn, affect the electronic properties of the material. Research in these areas has recently intensified, thanks to advances in chemical synthesis, improved understanding of charged states in organic materials, and a focus on relating fabrication techniques to morphology. Significant disorder in these systems, along with complex interactions between doping and film morphology, is often responsible for charge trapping and low doping efficiency. However, the strong coupling between doping, solubility, and morphology can be harnessed to control crystallinity, create doping gradients, and pattern polymers. These breakthroughs suggest a role for molecular doping not only in device function but also in fabrication—applications beyond those directly analogous to inorganic doping.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010419; 1636385

OSTI ID:: 1537362

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1392143

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 42; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 343 works

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The Role of Weak Molecular Dopants in Enhancing the Performance of Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors Wang, Zongrui; Zou, Ye; Chen, Wangqiao Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201800547	journal	November 2018
Roles of interfaces in the ideality of organic field-effect transistors Wu, Xiaofeng; Jia, Ruofei; Pan, Jing Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nh00694j	journal	January 2020
Efficient molecular doping of polymeric semiconductors driven by anion exchange Yamashita, Yu; Tsurumi, Junto; Ohno, Masahiro Nature, Vol. 572, Issue 7771 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1504-9	journal	August 2019
Dopant/Semiconductor/Electret Trilayer Architecture for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Wei, Peng; Hu, Yupeng; Zhu, Yuanwei Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201800339	journal	July 2018
A new method to enhance organic photodetectors active layer trap doping by blending doping An, Tao; Liu, Xinying; Ma, Jianping Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 35, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ab6018	journal	January 2020
Excited State Dynamics of a Self‐Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Tsokkou, Demetra; Peterhans, Lisa; Cao, David Xi Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201906148	journal	December 2019
Addition of the Lewis Acid Zn(C ₆ F ₅ ) ₂ Enables Organic Transistors with a Maximum Hole Mobility in Excess of 20 cm ² V ⁻¹ s ⁻¹ Paterson, Alexandra F.; Tsetseris, Leonidas; Li, Ruipeng Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201900871	journal	May 2019
Principles of Structural Design of Conjugated Polymers Showing Excellent Charge Transport toward Thermoelectrics and Bioelectronics Applications Goel, Mahima; Heinrich, C. David; Krauss, Gert Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 40, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800915	journal	March 2019
Ground-state electron transfer in all-polymer donor–acceptor heterojunctions Xu, Kai; Sun, Hengda; Ruoko, Tero-Petri Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0618-7	journal	March 2020
Doping: A Key Enabler for Organic Transistors Xu, Yong; Sun, Huabin; Liu, Ao Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903846	journal	July 2019
Band Engineering and Majority Carrier Switching in Isostructural Donor–Acceptor Complexes DPTTA‐F _X TCNQ Crystals ( X = 1, 2, 4) Liang, Yingying; Qin, Yunke; Chen, Jie Advanced Science, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201902456	journal	November 2019
Manipulating Doping of Organic Semiconductors by Reactive Oxygen for Field-Effect Transistors Qiu, Yuming; Wei, Peng; Wang, Zihao physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201800297	journal	August 2018
Enhanced transport in transistor by tuning transition-metal oxide electronic states interfaced with diamond Yin, Zongyou; Tordjman, Moshe; Lee, Youngtack Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau0480	journal	September 2018
Molecular doping enabled scalable blading of efficient hole-transport-layer-free perovskite solar cells A., Gruverman,; Y., Shao,; Y., Liu, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries https://doi.org/10.17615/236r-qz11	text	January 2018
Host dependence of the electron affinity of molecular dopants Li, Jing; Duchemin, Ivan; Roscioni, Otello Maria Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000090195	text	January 2019
Recent Progress in High-Mobility Organic Transistors: A Reality Check Paterson, Alexandra F.; Singh, Saumya; Fallon, Kealan J. Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801079	journal	July 2018
High Electron Affinity Enables Fast Hole Extraction for Efficient Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Ru, Pengbin; Bi, Enbing; Zhang, Yao Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903487	journal	March 2020
Structural effects on the charge transport properties of chemically and electrochemically doped dioxythiophene polymers Pittelli, Sandra L.; De Keersmaecker, Michel; Ponder Jr, James F. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05697a	journal	January 2020
Ground-state charge-transfer interactions in donor:acceptor pairs of organic semiconductors – a spectroscopic study of two representative systems Duva, Giuliano; Beyer, Paul; Scholz, Reinhard Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp02939g	journal	January 2019
Disorder compensation controls doping efficiency in organic semiconductors Fediai, Artem; Symalla, Franz; Friederich, Pascal Nature Research https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000099169	text	January 2019
Small‐Molecule‐Based Organic Field‐Effect Transistor for Nonvolatile Memory and Artificial Synapse Yu, Yang; Ma, Qihao; Ling, Haifeng Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904602	journal	September 2019
Strong Enhancement of π‐Electron Donor/Acceptor Ability by Complementary DD/AA Hydrogen Bonding Liu, Cheng‐Hao; Niazi, Muhammad Rizwan; Perepichka, Dmitrii F. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201910288	journal	November 2019
Uniform doping of graphene close to the Dirac point by polymer-assisted assembly of molecular dopants He, Hans; Kim, Kyung Ho; Danilov, Andrey Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06352-5	journal	September 2018
Tuning charge transport dynamics via clustering of doping in organic semiconductor thin films Boyle, Connor J.; Upadhyaya, Meenakshi; Wang, Peijian Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10567-5	journal	July 2019
Electrochemical doping engineering tuning of the thermoelectric performance of a π-conjugated free-standing poly(thiophene-furan) thin-film Yao, Wenqian; Shen, Lanlan; Liu, Peipei Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00542k	journal	January 2020
The Impact of Dipolar Layers on the Electronic Properties of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Interfaces Zojer, Egbert; Taucher, Thomas C.; Hofmann, Oliver T. Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201900581	journal	May 2019
Unraveling the mechanism behind air instability in thin semiconducting polymer layers p-doped with molybdenum dithiolene complexes Nunes Domschke, Tamara; Bardagot, Olivier; Benayad, Anass Synthetic Metals, Vol. 260 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2019.116251	journal	February 2020
Electronic and Optical Properties of Oligothiophene-F4TCNQ Charge-Transfer Complexes: The Role of the Donor Conjugation Length Valencia, Ana M.; Cocchi, Caterina The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 123, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01390	journal	March 2019
Closing the Stability–Performance Gap in Organic Thermoelectrics by Adjusting the Partial to Integer Charge Transfer Ratio Zapata-Arteaga, Osnat; Dörling, Bernhard; Perevedentsev, Aleksandr Macromolecules, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02263	journal	January 2020
Molecular Doping for Hole Transporting Materials in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Trifiletti, Vanira; Degousée, Thibault; Manfredi, Norberto Metals, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010014	journal	December 2019
A Reversible Structural Phase Transition by Electrochemical Ion Injection into a Conjugated Polymer Bischak, Connor G.; Flagg, Lucas Q.; Yan, Kangrong arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.06440	preprint	January 2019
The Martini Model in Materials Science Alessandri, Riccardo; Grünewald, Fabian; Marrink, Siewert J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2012.07194	preprint	January 2020

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