Witnessing the growth of the nearest galaxy cluster: thermodynamics of the Virgo Cluster outskirts

Simionescu, A.; Werner, N.; Mantz, A.; Allen, S. W.; Urban, O.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx919

Witnessing the growth of the nearest galaxy cluster: thermodynamics of the Virgo Cluster outskirts

Journal Article · Mon Apr 17 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx919· OSTI ID:1390322

Simionescu, A. ^[1]; Werner, N. ^[2]; Mantz, A. ^[3]; Allen, S. W. ^[4]; Urban, O. ^[3]

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Kanagawa (Japan)
MTA-Eotvos Lorand Univ. Lendulet Hot Universe Research Group, Budapest (Hungary); Masaryk Univ., Brno (Czech Republic)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Here, we present results from Suzaku Key Project observations of the Virgo Cluster, the nearest galaxy cluster to us, mapping its X-ray properties along four long ‘arms’ extending beyond the virial radius. The entropy profiles along all four azimuths increase with radius, then level out beyond ~0.5r₂₀₀, while the average pressure at large radii exceeds Planck Sunyaev–Zel'dovich measurements. These results can be explained by enhanced gas density fluctuations (clumping) in the cluster's outskirts. Using a standard Navarro, Frenk and White model, we estimate a virial mass, radius and concentration parameter of M₂₀₀ = 1.05 ± 0.02 × 10¹⁴ M⊙, r₂₀₀ = 974.1 ± 5.7 kpc and c = 8.8 ± 0.2, respectively. The inferred cumulative baryon fraction exceeds the cosmic mean at r ~r₂₀₀ along the major axis, suggesting enhanced gas clumping possibly sourced by a candidate large-scale structure filament along the north–south direction. The Suzaku data reveal a large-scale sloshing pattern, with two new cold fronts detected at radii of 233 and 280 kpc along the western and southern arms, respectively. Two high-temperature regions are also identified 1 Mpc towards the south and 605 kpc towards the west of M87, likely representing shocks associated with the ongoing cluster growth. Although systematic uncertainties in measuring the metallicity for low-temperature plasma remain, the data at large radii appear consistent with a uniform metal distribution on scales of ~90 × 180 kpc and larger, providing additional support for the early chemical enrichment scenario driven by galactic winds at redshifts of 2–3.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1390322

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 469; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Universal thermodynamic properties of the intracluster medium over two decades in radius in the X-COP sample Ghirardini, V.; Eckert, D.; Ettori, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.00042	text	January 2018
Athena X-IFU synthetic observations of galaxy clusters to probe the chemical enrichment of the Universe Cucchetti, E.; Pointecouteau, E.; Peille, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.08903	text	January 2018
The kinematics of the outer halo of M87 as mapped by planetary nebulae Longobardi, A.; Arnaboldi, M.; Gerhard, O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.10708	text	January 2018
Young stellar populations in early-type dwarf galaxies; occurrence, radial extent and scaling relations Hamraz, Elaheh; Peletier, Reynier F.; Khosroshahi, Habib arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03108	text	January 2019
Evidence for ram pressure stripping in a cluster of galaxies at z=0.7 No authors listed arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.05491	text	January 2019

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