Ru-Sn/AC for the Aqueous-Phase Reduction of Succinic Acid to 1,4-Butanediol under Continuous Process Conditions

Vardon, Derek R.; Settle, Amy E.; Vorotnikov, Vassili; Menart, Martin J.; Eaton, Todd R.; Unocic, Kinga A.; Steirer, K. Xerxes; Wood, Kevin N.; Cleveland, Nicholas S.; Moyer, Kathleen E.; Michener, William E.; Beckham, Gregg T.

doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b02015

Title: Ru-Sn/AC for the Aqueous-Phase Reduction of Succinic Acid to 1,4-Butanediol under Continuous Process Conditions

Journal Article · Tue Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · ACS Catalysis

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b02015· OSTI ID:1394395

^[1]; Settle, Amy E. ^[1]; Vorotnikov, Vassili ^[1]; Menart, Martin J. ^[1]; Eaton, Todd R. ^[1]; Unocic, Kinga A. ^[2]; Steirer, K. Xerxes ^[1]; Wood, Kevin N. ^[1]; Cleveland, Nicholas S. ^[1]; Moyer, Kathleen E. ^[1]; Michener, William E. ^[1];

^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Succinic acid is a biomass-derived platform chemical that can be catalytically converted in the aqueous phase to 1,4-butanediol (BDO), a prevalent building block used in the polymer and chemical industries. Despite significant interest, limited work has been reported regarding sustained catalyst performance and stability under continuous aqueous-phase process conditions. As such, this work examines Ru-Sn on activated carbon (AC) for the aqueous-phase conversion of succinic acid to BDO under batch and flow reactor conditions. Initially, powder Ru-Sn catalysts were screened to determine the most effective bimetallic ratio and provide a comparison to other monometallic (Pd, Pt, Ru) and bimetallic (Pt-Sn, Pd-Re) catalysts. Batch reactor tests determined that a ~1:1 metal weight ratio of Ru to Sn was effective for producing BDO in high yields, with complete conversion resulting in 82% molar yield. Characterization of the fresh Ru-Sn catalyst suggests that the sequential loading method results in Ru sites that are colocated and surface-enriched with Sn. Postbatch reaction characterization confirmed stable Ru-Sn material properties; however, upon a transition to continuous conditions, significant Ru-Sn/AC deactivation occurred due to stainless steel leaching of Ni that resulted in Ru-Sn metal crystallite restructuring to form discrete Ni-Sn sites. Computational modeling confirmed favorable energetics for Ru-Sn segregation and Ni-Sn formation at submonolayer Sn incorporation. To address stainless steel leaching, reactor walls were treated with an inert silica coating by chemical vapor deposition. With leaching reduced, stable Ru-Sn/AC performance was observed that resulted in a molar yield of 71% BDO and 15% tetrahydrofuran for 96 h of time on stream. Postreaction catalyst characterization confirmed low levels of Ni and Cr deposition, although early-stage islanding of Ni-Sn will likely be problematic for industrially relevant time scales (i.e., thousands of hours). Overall, these results (i) demonstrate the performance of Ru-Sn/AC for aqueous phase succinic acid reduction, (ii) provide insight into the Ru-Sn bimetallic structure and deactivation in the presence of leached Ni, and (iii) underscore the importance of compatible reactor metallurgy and durable catalysts.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Fuel Cycle Technologies (NE-5); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC36-08GO28308; MCB09159

OSTI ID:: 1394395

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1389739

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5100-70060; 100305

Journal Information:: ACS Catalysis, Vol. 7, Issue 9; ISSN 2155-5435

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 38 works

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