Deficiency of the bulk spin Hall effect model for spin-orbit torques in magnetic-insulator/heavy-metal heterostructures

Li, Junxue; Yu, Guoqiang; Tang, Chi; Liu, Yizhou; Shi, Zhong; Liu, Yawen; Navabi, Aryan; Aldosary, Mohammed; Shao, Qiming; Wang, Kang L.; Lake, Roger; Shi, Jing

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.95.241305

Deficiency of the bulk spin Hall effect model for spin-orbit torques in magnetic-insulator/heavy-metal heterostructures

Journal Article · Fri Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Physical Review B

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.241305· OSTI ID:1388976

Li, Junxue ^[1]; Yu, Guoqiang ^[2]; Tang, Chi ^[1]; Liu, Yizhou ^[1]; Shi, Zhong ^[3]; Liu, Yawen ^[1]; Navabi, Aryan ^[2]; Aldosary, Mohammed ^[1]; Shao, Qiming ^[2]; Wang, Kang L. ^[2]; Lake, Roger ^[1]; Shi, Jing ^[1]

Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States); Tongji Univ., Shanghai (China)

Electrical currents in a magnetic-insulator/heavy-metal heterostructure can induce two simultaneous effects, namely, spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) on the heavy-metal side and spin-orbit torques (SOTs) on the magnetic-insulator side. Within the framework of a pure spin current model based on the bulk spin Hall effect (SHE), the ratio of the spin Hall-induced anomalous Hall effect (SH-AHE) to SMR should be equal to the ratio of the fieldlike torque (FLT) to the dampinglike torque (DLT). We perform a quantitative study of SMR, SH-AHE, and SOTs in a series of thulium iron garnet/platinum or Tm₃Fe₅O₁₂/Pt heterostructures with different Tm₃Fe₅O₁₂ thicknesses, where Tm₃Fe₅O₁₂ is a ferrimagnetic insulator with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We find the ratio between the measured effective fields of FLT and DLT is at least two times larger than the ratio of the SH-AHE to SMR. In addition, the bulk SHE model grossly underestimates the spin-torque efficiency of FLT. Our results reveal deficiencies of the bulk SHE model and also address the importance of interfacial effects such as the Rashba and magnetic proximity effects in magnetic-insulator/heavy-metal heterostructures.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012670

OSTI ID:: 1388976

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1366327

Journal Information:: Physical Review B, Journal Name: Physical Review B Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 95; ISSN 2469-9950; ISSN PRBMDO

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (57)

Nonlocal Magnetization Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Heterostructures Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav; Brataas, Arne; Bauer, Gerrit E. W. ChemInform, Vol. 37, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200628217	journal	July 2006
Spin-transport in multi-terminal normal metal-ferromagnet systems with non-collinear magnetizations Brataas, A.; Nazarov, Y. V.; Bauer, G. E. W. The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00011139	journal	July 2001
Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection Miron, Ioan Mihai; Garello, Kevin; Gaudin, Gilles Nature, Vol. 476, Issue 7359 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10309	journal	August 2011
Spin–orbit torque-assisted switching in magnetic insulator thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Li, Peng; Liu, Tao; Chang, Houchen Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12688	journal	September 2016
Quantifying interface and bulk contributions to spin–orbit torque in magnetic bilayers Fan, Xin; Celik, Halise; Wu, Jun Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4042	journal	January 2014
Interface control of the magnetic chirality in CoFeB/MgO heterostructures with heavy-metal underlayers Torrejon, Jacob; Kim, Junyeon; Sinha, Jaivardhan Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5655	journal	August 2014
Magneto-optical investigation of spin–orbit torques in metallic and insulating magnetic heterostructures Montazeri, Mohammad; Upadhyaya, Pramey; Onbasli, Mehmet C. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9958	journal	December 2015
Current-driven spin torque induced by the Rashba effect in a ferromagnetic metal layer Mihai Miron, Ioan; Gaudin, Gilles; Auffret, Stéphane Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2613	journal	January 2010
Spin Seebeck insulator Uchida, K.; Xiao, J.; Adachi, H. Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2856	journal	September 2010
Layer thickness dependence of the current-induced effective field vector in Ta\|CoFeB\|MgO Kim, Junyeon; Sinha, Jaivardhan; Hayashi, Masamitsu Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3522	journal	December 2012
Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls Emori, Satoru; Bauer, Uwe; Ahn, Sung-Min Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3675	journal	June 2013
Current-induced switching in a magnetic insulator Avci, Can Onur; Quindeau, Andy; Pai, Chi-Feng Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4812	journal	November 2016
Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures Garello, Kevin; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Avci, Can Onur Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.145	journal	July 2013
Switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin–orbit torques in the absence of external magnetic fields Yu, Guoqiang; Upadhyaya, Pramey; Fan, Yabin Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.94	journal	May 2014
Spin–orbit-torque engineering via oxygen manipulation Qiu, Xuepeng; Narayanapillai, Kulothungasagaran; Wu, Yang Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.18	journal	March 2015
Electric-field control of spin–orbit torque in a magnetically doped topological insulator Fan, Yabin; Kou, Xufeng; Upadhyaya, Pramey Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.294	journal	January 2016
Role of transparency of platinum–ferromagnet interfaces in determining the intrinsic magnitude of the spin Hall effect Zhang, Weifeng; Han, Wei; Jiang, Xin Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3304	journal	April 2015
Angular and temperature dependence of current induced spin-orbit effective fields in Ta/CoFeB/MgO nanowires Qiu, Xuepeng; Deorani, Praveen; Narayanapillai, Kulothungasagaran Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04491	journal	March 2014
Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements utilizing spin Hall magnetoresistance in W/Co40Fe40B20/MgO structures He, Congli; Navabi, Aryan; Shao, Qiming Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4967843	journal	November 2016
Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and related phenomena Chen, Yan-Ting; Takahashi, Saburo; Nakayama, Hiroyasu Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 28, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/10/103004	journal	February 2016
Spin-Orbit Coupling Effects in Zinc Blende Structures Dresselhaus, G. Physical Review, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.100.580	journal	October 1955
Current-Induced Spin-Torque Resonance of Magnetic Insulators Chiba, Takahiro; Bauer, Gerrit E. W.; Takahashi, Saburo Physical Review Applied, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.034003	journal	September 2014
Current-induced domain wall motion in Rashba spin-orbit system Obata, Katsunori; Tatara, Gen Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.214429	journal	June 2008
Theory of spin torque due to spin-orbit coupling Manchon, A.; Zhang, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.094422	journal	March 2009
Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance Chen, Yan-Ting; Takahashi, Saburo; Nakayama, Hiroyasu Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.144411	journal	April 2013
Current induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling: Semiclassical modeling Haney, Paul M.; Lee, Hyun-Woo; Lee, Kyung-Jin Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.174411	journal	May 2013
Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator/normal metal hybrids Althammer, Matthias; Meyer, Sibylle; Nakayama, Hiroyasu Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.224401	journal	June 2013
Quantitative characterization of the spin-orbit torque using harmonic Hall voltage measurements Hayashi, Masamitsu; Kim, Junyeon; Yamanouchi, Michihiko Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.144425	journal	April 2014
Interplay of spin-orbit torque and thermoelectric effects in ferromagnet/normal-metal bilayers Avci, Can Onur; Garello, Kevin; Gabureac, Mihai Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.224427	journal	December 2014
Dependence of the efficiency of spin Hall torque on the transparency of Pt/ferromagnetic layer interfaces Pai, Chi-Feng; Ou, Yongxi; Vilela-Leão, Luis Henrique Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.064426	journal	August 2015
Current-induced spin torque resonance of a magnetic insulator Schreier, Michael; Chiba, Takahiro; Niedermayr, Arthur Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.144411	journal	October 2015
Anomalous Hall hysteresis in T m 3 F e 5 O 12 / Pt with strain-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Tang, Chi; Sellappan, Pathikumar; Liu, Yawen Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.140403	journal	October 2016
Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Induced by the Spin Hall Effect Liu, Luqiao; Moriyama, Takahiro; Ralph, D. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.036601	journal	January 2011
Current-Induced Switching of Perpendicularly Magnetized Magnetic Layers Using Spin Torque from the Spin Hall Effect Liu, Luqiao; Lee, O. J.; Gudmundsen, T. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.096602	journal	August 2012
Transport Magnetic Proximity Effects in Platinum Huang, S. Y.; Fan, X.; Qu, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.107204	journal	September 2012
Spin Hall Magnetoresistance Induced by a Nonequilibrium Proximity Effect Nakayama, H.; Althammer, M.; Chen, Y. -T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.206601	journal	May 2013
Large Spin-Wave Bullet in a Ferrimagnetic Insulator Driven by the Spin Hall Effect Jungfleisch, M. B.; Zhang, W.; Sklenar, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.057601	journal	February 2016
Spin Torque Study of the Spin Hall Conductivity and Spin Diffusion Length in Platinum Thin Films with Varying Resistivity Nguyen, Minh-Hai; Ralph, D. C.; Buhrman, R. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.126601	journal	March 2016
Spin Hall Effect Hirsch, J. E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1834	journal	August 1999
Finite-Element Theory of Transport in Ferromagnet–Normal Metal Systems Brataas, Arne; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Bauer, Gerrit E. W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2481	journal	March 2000
Crossover Behavior of the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anomalous Nernst Effect in Itinerant Ferromagnets Miyasato, T.; Abe, N.; Fujii, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.086602	journal	August 2007
Nonlocal magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav; Brataas, Arne; Bauer, Gerrit E. W. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 77, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.77.1375	journal	December 2005
Anisotropic magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic 3d alloys McGuire, T.; Potter, R. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.1975.1058782	journal	July 1975
Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum Liu, L.; Pai, C. -F.; Li, Y. Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6081 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218197	journal	May 2012
Spin hall Effect Schliemann, John International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 20, Issue 09 https://doi.org/10.1142/s021797920603370x	journal	April 2006
Stress-Induced Perpendicular Magnetization in Epitaxial Iron Garnet Thin Films Kubota, Masashi; Tsukazaki, Atsushi; Kagawa, Fumitaka Applied Physics Express, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1143/APEX.5.103002	journal	September 2012
Spin Hall Magnetoresistance Induced by a Non-Equilibrium Proximity Effect Nakayama, H.; Althammer, M.; Chen, Y. -T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1211.0098	text	January 2012
Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance Chen, Yan-Ting; Takahashi, Saburo; Nakayama, Hiroyasu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1302.1352	text	January 2013
Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls Emori, Satoru; Bauer, Uwe; Ahn, Sung-Min arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1302.2257	text	January 2013
Angular and temperature dependence of current induced spin-orbit effective fields in Ta/CoFeB/MgO nanowires Qiu, Xuepeng; Deorani, Praveen; Narayanapillai, Kulothungasagaran arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1404.1130	text	January 2014
Dependence of the Efficiency of Spin Hall Torque on the Transparency of Pt-Ferromagnetic Layer Interfaces Pai, Chi-Feng; Ou, Yongxi; Ralph, D. C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1411.3379	text	January 2014
Interplay of spin-orbit torque and thermoelectric effects in ferromagnet/normal metal bilayers Avci, Can Onur; Garello, Kevin; Gabureac, Mihai arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1412.0865	text	January 2014
Theory of spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and related phenomena Chen, Yan-Ting; Takahashi, Saburo; Nakayama, Hiroyasu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.06054	text	January 2015
Spin-orbit torque engineering via oxygen manipulation Qiu, Xuepeng; Narayanapillai, Kulothungasagaran; Wu, Yang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1511.08868	text	January 2015
Spin-transport in multi-terminal normal metal - ferromagnet systems with non-collinear magnetizations Brataas, Arne; Nazarov, Yu. V.; Bauer, G. E. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0006174	text	January 2000
Nonlocal magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav; Brataas, Arne; Bauer, Gerrit E. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0409242	text	January 2004
Spin Hall effect Hirsch, J. E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9906160	text	January 1999

Cited By (7)

Role of dimensional crossover on spin-orbit torque efficiency in magnetic insulator thin films Shao, Qiming; Tang, Chi; Yu, Guoqiang Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06059-7	journal	September 2018
Fast switching and signature of efficient domain wall motion driven by spin-orbit torques in a perpendicular anisotropy magnetic insulator/Pt bilayer Avci, Can Onur; Rosenberg, Ethan; Baumgartner, Manuel Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994050	journal	August 2017
Pseudomorphic spinel ferrite films with perpendicular anisotropy and low damping Budhani, R. C.; Emori, Satoru; Galazka, Zbigniew Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5023118	journal	August 2018
Quantitative Study on Current-Induced Effect in an Antiferromagnet Insulator/Pt Bilayer Film Zhang, Pengxiang; Finley, Joseph; Safi, Taqiyyah Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.123.247206	journal	December 2019
Nonlocal Detection of Out-of-Plane Magnetization in a Magnetic Insulator by Thermal Spin Drag Avci, Can Onur; Rosenberg, Ethan; Huang, Mantao Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.027701	journal	January 2020
Magnetism and spin transport in rare-earth-rich epitaxial terbium and europium iron garnet films Rosenberg, Ethan R.; Beran, Lukáš; Avci, Can O. Physical Review Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.094405	journal	September 2018
Role of dimensional crossover on spin-orbit torque efficiency in magnetic insulator thin films Shao, Qiming; Tang, Chi; Yu, Guoqiang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.07584	text	January 2017

Similar Records

Charge-spin interconversion in epitaxial Pt probed by spin-orbit torques in a magnetic insulator

Journal Article · Fri Jun 04 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review Materials · OSTI ID:1786304

Unconventional spin-orbit torques from sputtered MoTe₂ films

Journal Article · Tue Jul 23 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Physical Review. B · OSTI ID:2406393

Spin-orbit torque from a ferromagnetic metal

Journal Article · Mon May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1611919

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
phonons
spin dynamics
spintronics
thermal conductivity
thermoelectric

Deficiency of the bulk spin Hall effect model for spin-orbit torques in magnetic-insulator/heavy-metal heterostructures

Citation Formats

References (57)

Cited By (7)

Similar Records

Related Subjects