Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions

Worthen, Andrew J.; Tran, Vu; Cornell, Kevin A.; Truskett, Thomas M.; Johnston, Keith P.

doi:10.1039/c5sm02787j

Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions

Journal Article · Thu Jul 07 00:00:00 UTC 2016 · Soft Matter

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02787j· OSTI ID:1388775

Worthen, Andrew J. ^[1]; Tran, Vu ^[1]; Cornell, Kevin A. ^[1]; Truskett, Thomas M. ^[1]; Johnston, Keith P. ^[1]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Whereas numerous studies of stabilization of nanoparticles (NPs) in electrolytes have examined biological fluids, the interest has grown recently in media with much higher ionic strengths including seawater and brines relevant to environmental science and subsurface oil and gas reservoirs. Given that electrostatic repulsion is limited at extremely high ionic strengths due to charge screening, we have identified ligands that are well solvated in concentrated brine containing divalent cations and thus provide steric stabilization of silica nanoparticles. Specifically, the hydrodynamic diameter of silica nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands, a diol ether, [3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)propyl]-trimethoxysilane, and a zwitterionic sulfobetaine, 3-([dimethyl(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonio)propane-1-sulfonate, is shown with dynamic light scattering to remain essentially constant, indicating lack of aggregation, at room temperature and up to 80 °C for over 30 days. An extended DLVO model signifies that steric stabilization is strongly dominant against van der Waals attraction for ~10 nm particles given that these ligands are well solvated even in highly concentrated brine. In contrast, polyethylene glycol oligomers do not provide steric stabilization at elevated temperatures, even at conditions where the ligands are soluble, indicating complicating factors including bridging of the ether oxygens by divalent cations.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy Security (CFSES)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001114

OSTI ID:: 1388775

Journal Information:: Soft Matter, Journal Name: Soft Matter Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 12; ISSN 1744-683X

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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Steric stabilization of nanoparticles with grafted low molecular weight ligands in highly concentrated brines including divalent ions

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