Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons

Lin, Xiao; Rivera, Nicholas; Lopez, Josue J.; Kaminer, Ido; Chen, Hongsheng; Soljacic, Marin

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105007

Title: Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons

Journal Article · Tue Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · New Journal of Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/10/105007· OSTI ID:1388440

Lin, Xiao ^[1]; Rivera, Nicholas ^[2]; Lopez, Josue J. ^[2]; Kaminer, Ido ^[2]; Chen, Hongsheng ^[3]; Soljacic, Marin ^[2]

Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (People's Republic of China); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (People's Republic of China)

Here, the ability to tailor the energy distribution of plasmons at the nanoscale has many applications in nanophotonics, such as designing plasmon lasers, spasers, and quantum emitters. To this end, we analytically study the energy distribution and the proper field quantization of 2D plasmons with specific examples for graphene plasmons. We find that the portion of the plasmon energy contained inside graphene (energy confinement factor) can exceed 50%, despite graphene being infinitely thin. In fact, this very high energy confinement can make it challenging to tailor the energy distribution of graphene plasmons just by modifying the surrounding dielectric environment or the geometry, such as changing the separation distance between two coupled graphene layers. However, by adopting concepts of parity-time symmetry breaking, we show that tuning the loss in one of the two coupled graphene layers can simultaneously tailor the energy confinement factor and propagation characteristics, causing the phenomenon of loss-induced plasmonic transparency.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center (S3TEC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001299; FG02-09ER46577

OSTI ID:: 1388440

Journal Information:: New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 10; Related Information: S3TEC partners with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (lead); Boston College; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; ISSN 1367-2630

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 35 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (42)

XV. On the transfer of energy in the electromagnetic field Poynting, J. H. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 175, p. 343-361 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1884.0016	journal	December 1884
Photonic Crystals Joannopoulos, John D.; Johnson, Steven G.; Winn, Joshua N. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4gz9	book	January 2011
Quantum optics of dielectric media Glauber, Roy J.; Lewenstein, M. Physical Review A, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.43.467	journal	January 1991
Towards graphene plasmon-based free-electron infrared to X-ray sources Wong, Liang Jie; Kaminer, Ido; Ilic, Ognjen Nature Photonics, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.223	journal	November 2015
Shrinking light to allow forbidden transitions on the atomic scale Rivera, Nicholas; Kaminer, Ido; Zhen, Bo Science, Vol. 353, Issue 6296 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf6308	journal	July 2016
Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions Koppens, Frank H. L.; Chang, Darrick E.; García de Abajo, F. Javier Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201771h	journal	August 2011
Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale Oulton, Rupert F.; Sorger, Volker J.; Zentgraf, Thomas Nature, Vol. 461, Issue 7264 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08364	journal	August 2009
Surface Plasmon Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation: Quantum Generation of Coherent Surface Plasmons in Nanosystems Bergman, David J.; Stockman, Mark I. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.027402	journal	January 2003
Proposed graphene nanospaser Apalkov, Vadym; Stockman, Mark I. Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2014.72	journal	July 2014
Demonstration of a spaser-based nanolaser Noginov, M. A.; Zhu, G.; Belgrave, A. M. Nature, Vol. 460, Issue 7259 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08318	journal	August 2009
Nanophotonics: Shrinking light-based technology Koenderink, A. F.; Alu, A.; Polman, A. Science, Vol. 348, Issue 6234 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1261243	journal	April 2015
Heat-assisted magnetic recording by a near-field transducer with efficient optical energy transfer Challener, W. A.; Peng, Chubing; Itagi, A. V. Nature Photonics, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.26	journal	March 2009
Plasmonic Light-Harvesting Devices over the Whole Visible Spectrum Aubry, Alexandre; Lei, Dang Yuan; Fernández-Domínguez, Antonio I. Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl101235d	journal	July 2010
Path entanglement of surface plasmons Fakonas, James S.; Mitskovets, Anna; Atwater, Harry A. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/2/023002	journal	January 2015
Two-plasmon quantum interference Fakonas, James S.; Lee, Hyunseok; Kelaita, Yousif A. Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.40	journal	March 2014
Quantum interference in plasmonic circuits Heeres, Reinier W.; Kouwenhoven, Leo P.; Zwiller, Valery Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.150	journal	August 2013
Transformation Optics Using Graphene Vakil, A.; Engheta, N. Science, Vol. 332, Issue 6035 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1202691	journal	June 2011
Gain modulation by graphene plasmons in aperiodic lattice lasers Chakraborty, S.; Marshall, O. P.; Folland, T. G. Science, Vol. 351, Issue 6270 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad2930	journal	January 2016
All-optical generation of surface plasmons in graphene Constant, T. J.; Hornett, S. M.; Chang, D. E. Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3545	journal	November 2015
Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene–boron nitride heterostructures Woessner, Achim; Lundeberg, Mark B.; Gao, Yuanda Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4169	journal	December 2014
Graphene on hexagonal boron nitride as a tunable hyperbolic metamaterial Dai, S.; Ma, Q.; Liu, M. K. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.131	journal	June 2015
Mid-infrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene Rodrigo, D.; Limaj, O.; Janner, D. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6244 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2051	journal	July 2015
Polarizability of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Stern, Frank Physical Review Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.18.546	journal	April 1967
Interface excitations in metal-insulator-semiconductor structures Eguiluz, Adolfo; Lee, T. K.; Quinn, J. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.11.4989	journal	June 1975
Collective modes of spatially separated, two-component, two-dimensional plasma in solids Das Sarma, S.; Madhukar, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 23, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.23.805	journal	January 1981
Experimental investigation of two-dimensional plasmons in a ${DySi}_{2}$ monolayer on Si(111) Rugeramigabo, E. P.; Nagao, T.; Pfnür, H. Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.155402	journal	October 2008
Dispersion and Damping of a Two-Dimensional Plasmon in a Metallic Surface-State Band Nagao, Tadaaki; Hildebrandt, Torsten; Henzler, Martin Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5747	journal	June 2001
Low-energy acoustic plasmons at metal surfaces Diaconescu, Bogdan; Pohl, Karsten; Vattuone, Luca Nature, Vol. 448, Issue 7149 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05975	journal	July 2007
Graphene Plasmonics for Terahertz to Mid-Infrared Applications Low, Tony; Avouris, Phaedon ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn406627u	journal	January 2014
Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies Jablan, Marinko; Buljan, Hrvoje; Soljačić, Marin Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.245435	journal	December 2009
Graphene Plasmonics: Challenges and Opportunities García de Abajo, F. Javier ACS Photonics, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/ph400147y	journal	February 2014
Unusual Microwave Response of Dirac Quasiparticles in Graphene Gusynin, V. P.; Sharapov, S. G.; Carbotte, J. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.256802	journal	June 2006
Space-time dispersion of graphene conductivity Falkovsky, L. A.; Varlamov, A. A. The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 56, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2007-00142-3	journal	April 2007
Surface plasmon Fourier optics Archambault, A.; Teperik, T. V.; Marquier, F. Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.195414	journal	May 2009
Quantum theory of spontaneous and stimulated emission of surface plasmons Archambault, Alexandre; Marquier, François; Greffet, Jean-Jacques Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.035411	journal	July 2010
New Electromagnetic Mode in Graphene Mikhailov, S. A.; Ziegler, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.016803	journal	July 2007
Loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing Peng, B.; Ozdemir, . K.; Rotter, S. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6207 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258004	journal	October 2014
Observation of $P T$ -Symmetry Breaking in Complex Optical Potentials Guo, A.; Salamo, G. J.; Duchesne, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.093902	journal	August 2009
Theory of coupled optical PT-symmetric structures El-Ganainy, R.; Makris, K. G.; Christodoulides, D. N. Optics Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.32.002632	journal	January 2007
Beam Dynamics in $P T$ Symmetric Optical Lattices Makris, K. G.; El-Ganainy, R.; Christodoulides, D. N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.103904	journal	March 2008
Observation of parity–time symmetry in optics Rüter, Christian E.; Makris, Konstantinos G.; El-Ganainy, Ramy Nature Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1515	journal	January 2010
Spawning rings of exceptional points out of Dirac cones Zhen, Bo; Hsu, Chia Wei; Igarashi, Yuichi Nature, Vol. 525, Issue 7569 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14889	journal	September 2015

Cited By (14)

Group-Velocity-Controlled and Gate-Tunable Directional Excitation of Polaritons in Graphene-Boron Nitride Heterostructures Jiang, Yuyu; Lin, Xiao; Low, Tony Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201800049	journal	March 2018
Plasmon-Enhanced Spin-Orbit Interaction of Light in Graphene Ciattoni, Alessandro; Rizza, Carlo; Lee, Ho Wai Howard Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201800140	journal	August 2018
Strong absorption near exceptional points in plasmonic waveguide arrays Ke, Shaolin; Liu, Jianxun; Liu, Qingjie Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1584-z	journal	August 2018
Adiabatic transfer of surface plasmons in non-Hermitian graphene waveguides Ke, Shaolin; Zhao, Dong; Liu, Qingjie Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 50, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1661-3	journal	October 2018
Topological plasmonic modes in graphene-coated nanowire arrays Meng, Peng; Zhao, Dong; Zhong, Dong Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 51, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1867-z	journal	May 2019
Low-Threshold Lasing and Coherent Perfect Absorption in Generalized $P T$ -Symmetric Optical Structures Sakhdari, Maryam; Estakhri, Nasim Mohammadi; Bagci, Hakan Physical Review Applied, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.10.024030	journal	August 2018
Hydrodynamic model approach to the formation of plasmonic wakes in graphene Chaves, A. J.; Peres, N. M. R.; Smirnov, G. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.195438	journal	November 2017
Energy losses and transition radiation in graphene traversed by a fast charged particle under oblique incidence Akbari, Kamran; Segui, Silvina; Mišković, Zoran L. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.195410	journal	November 2018
Experimental Observation of Superscattering Qian, Chao; Lin, Xiao; Yang, Yi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.063901	journal	February 2019
Losses in plasmonics: from mitigating energy dissipation to embracing loss-enabled functionalities Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Cooper, Thomas Alan; Zeng, Lingping arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.01469	text	January 2018
Group-velocity-controlled and gate-tunable directional excitation of polaritons in graphene-boron nitride heterostructures Jiang, Yuyu; Lin, Xiao; Low, Tony arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.08462	preprint	January 2018
Experimental observation of superscattering Qian, Chao; Lin, Xiao; Yang, Yi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.05599	preprint	January 2018
Tailoring Eigenmodes at Spectral Singularities in Graphene-based PT Systems Zhang, Weixuan; Wu, Tong; Zhang, Xiangdong Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11231-y	journal	September 2017
Broadband Negative Refraction of Highly Squeezed Hyperbolic Polaritons in 2D Materials Jiang, Jing; Lin, Xiao; Zhang, Baile Research, Vol. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2532819	journal	January 2018

Similar Records

Tunable UV-Emitters through Graphene Plasmonics

Journal Article · Thu Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:1388440

Sloan, Jamison; Rivera, Nicholas; Soljačić, Marin; +1 more

Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies

Journal Article · Wed Dec 23 00:00:00 EST 2009 · Phys. Rev. B · OSTI ID:1388440

Jablan, Marinko; Buljan, Hrvoje; Soljacic, Marin

Plasmonics in argentene

Journal Article · Fri Jul 24 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Materials · OSTI ID:1388440

Sundararaman, Ravishankar; Christensen, Thomas; Ping, Yuan; +4 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
solar (photovoltaic)
solar (thermal)
solid state lighting
phonons
thermal conductivity
thermoelectric
defects
mechanical behavior
charge transport
spin dynamics
materials and chemistry by design
optics
synthesis (novel materials)
synthesis (self-assembly)
synthesis (scalable processing)
2D plasmons
electromagnetic energy
parity-time symmetry
field quantization

Title: Tailoring the energy distribution and loss of 2D plasmons

Citation Formats

References (42)

Cited By (14)

Similar Records

Related Subjects