Bose-Einstein Condensation of Long-Lifetime Polaritons in Thermal Equilibrium

Sun, Yongbao; Wen, Patrick; Yoon, Yoseob; Liu, Gangqiang; Steger, Mark; Pfeiffer, Loren N.; West, Ken; Snoke, David W.; Nelson, Keith A.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.016602

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Long-Lifetime Polaritons in Thermal Equilibrium

Journal Article · Thu Jan 05 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.016602· OSTI ID:1388263

Sun, Yongbao ^[1]; Wen, Patrick ^[1]; Yoon, Yoseob ^[1]; Liu, Gangqiang ^[2]; Steger, Mark ^[2]; Pfeiffer, Loren N. ^[3]; West, Ken ^[3]; Snoke, David W. ^[2]; Nelson, Keith A. ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Electrical Engineering Dept.

The experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) with atoms and quasiparticles has triggered wide exploration of macroscopic quantum effects. Microcavity polaritons are of particular interest because quantum phenomena such as BEC and superfluidity can be observed at elevated temperatures. However, polariton lifetimes are typically too short to permit thermal equilibration. This has led to debate about whether polariton condensation is intrinsically a nonequilibrium effect. Here we report the first unambiguous observation of BEC of optically trapped polaritons in thermal equilibrium in a high-$$Q$$ microcavity, evidenced by equilibrium Bose-Einstein distributions over broad ranges of polariton densities and bath temperatures. With thermal equilibrium established, we verify that polariton condensation is a phase transition with a well-defined density-temperature phase diagram. We report the measured phase boundary agrees well with the predictions of basic quantum gas theory.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Excitonics (CE); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001088

OSTI ID:: 1388263

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1338654

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 118; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN PRLTAO

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Transverse instability of dark solitons in spin-orbit coupled polariton condensates Zezyulin, Dmitry A.; Kartashov, Yaroslav V. Optics Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.004623	journal	January 2018
Polaritonics: from microcavities to sub-wavelength confinement Ballarini, Dario; De Liberato, Simone Nanophotonics, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0188	journal	February 2019
Nonlinear optics in the fractional quantum Hall regime Knüppel, Patrick; Ravets, Sylvain; Kroner, Martin ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000352116	text	January 2019
Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates Ballarini, Dario; Caputo, Davide; Muñoz, Carlos Sánchez arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1609.05717	text	January 2016
Spin polarized semimagnetic exciton-polariton condensate in magnetic field Król, Mateusz; Mirek, Rafał; Lekenta, Katarzyna arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.00622	text	January 2018
Heat-assisted self-localization of exciton polaritons Chestnov, I. Yu.; Khudaiberganov, T. A.; Alodjants, A. P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.07779	text	January 2018
A platform for electrically pumped polariton simulators and topological lasers Suchomel, H.; Klembt, S.; Harder, T. H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.08306	text	January 2018
Introduction to the Dicke model: from equilibrium to nonequilibrium, and vice versa Kirton, Peter; Roses, Mor M.; Keeling, Jonathan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.09828	text	January 2018
Controlled ordering of topological charges in an exciton-polariton chain Gao, T.; Egorov, O. A.; Estrecho, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.02343	text	January 2018
Effect of optically-induced potential on the energy of trapped exciton-polaritons below the condensation threshold Pieczarka, M.; Boozarjmehr, M.; Estrecho, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.00749	text	January 2018
Realization of Hofstadter's butterfly and a one-way edge mode in a polaritonic system Banerjee, R.; Liew, T. C. H.; Kyriienko, O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.04615	text	January 2018
Transverse instability of dark solitons in spin-orbit coupled polariton condensates Zezyulin, Dmitry A.; Kartashov, Yaroslav V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.08861	text	January 2018
Anti-chiral edge states in an exciton polariton strip Mandal, S.; Ge, R.; Liew, T. C. H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.07814	text	January 2019

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