Bose-Einstein Condensation of Long-Lifetime Polaritons in Thermal Equilibrium

Sun, Yongbao; Wen, Patrick; Yoon, Yoseob; Liu, Gangqiang; Steger, Mark; Pfeiffer, Loren N.; West, Ken; Snoke, David W.; Nelson, Keith A.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.016602

Title: Bose-Einstein Condensation of Long-Lifetime Polaritons in Thermal Equilibrium

Journal Article · Thu Jan 05 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.016602· OSTI ID:1388263

Sun, Yongbao ^[1]; Wen, Patrick ^[1]; Yoon, Yoseob ^[1]; Liu, Gangqiang ^[2]; Steger, Mark ^[2]; Pfeiffer, Loren N. ^[3]; West, Ken ^[3]; Snoke, David W. ^[2]; Nelson, Keith A. ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Electrical Engineering Dept.

The experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) with atoms and quasiparticles has triggered wide exploration of macroscopic quantum effects. Microcavity polaritons are of particular interest because quantum phenomena such as BEC and superfluidity can be observed at elevated temperatures. However, polariton lifetimes are typically too short to permit thermal equilibration. This has led to debate about whether polariton condensation is intrinsically a nonequilibrium effect. Here we report the first unambiguous observation of BEC of optically trapped polaritons in thermal equilibrium in a high-$$Q$$ microcavity, evidenced by equilibrium Bose-Einstein distributions over broad ranges of polariton densities and bath temperatures. With thermal equilibrium established, we verify that polariton condensation is a phase transition with a well-defined density-temperature phase diagram. We report the measured phase boundary agrees well with the predictions of basic quantum gas theory.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Excitonics (CE); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001088; PHY-1205762; DMR-1104383; DMR-1420541

OSTI ID:: 1388263

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1338654

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 1; Related Information: CE partners with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (lead); Brookhaven National Laboratory; Harvard University; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 43 works

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Heat-assisted self-localization of exciton polaritons Chestnov, I. Yu.; Khudaiberganov, T. A.; Alodjants, A. P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.07779	text	January 2018
A platform for electrically pumped polariton simulators and topological lasers Suchomel, H.; Klembt, S.; Harder, T. H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.08306	text	January 2018
Introduction to the Dicke model: from equilibrium to nonequilibrium, and vice versa Kirton, Peter; Roses, Mor M.; Keeling, Jonathan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.09828	text	January 2018
Controlled ordering of topological charges in an exciton-polariton chain Gao, T.; Egorov, O. A.; Estrecho, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.02343	text	January 2018
Effect of optically-induced potential on the energy of trapped exciton-polaritons below the condensation threshold Pieczarka, M.; Boozarjmehr, M.; Estrecho, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.00749	text	January 2018
Realization of Hofstadter's butterfly and a one-way edge mode in a polaritonic system Banerjee, R.; Liew, T. C. H.; Kyriienko, O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.04615	text	January 2018
Transverse instability of dark solitons in spin-orbit coupled polariton condensates Zezyulin, Dmitry A.; Kartashov, Yaroslav V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.08861	text	January 2018
Anti-chiral edge states in an exciton polariton strip Mandal, S.; Ge, R.; Liew, T. C. H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.07814	text	January 2019

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