Importance of Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Song, Tze-Bin; Yokoyama, Takamichi; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Logsdon, Jenna; Cao, Duyen H.; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Aramaki, Shinji; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

doi:10.1021/jacs.6b10734

Title: Importance of Reducing Vapor Atmosphere in the Fabrication of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10734· OSTI ID:1388144

Song, Tze-Bin ^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Logsdon, Jenna ^[1]; Cao, Duyen H. ^[1];

^[1]; Aramaki, Shinji ^[3]; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. ^[1]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc. (Japan)
Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc. (Japan)

Tin-based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but the tendency of these materials to form leakage pathways from p-type defect states, mainly Sn⁴⁺ and Sn vacancies, causes poor device reproducibility and limits the overall power conversion efficiencies. Here, we present an effective process that involves a reducing vapor atmosphere during the preparation of tin-based halide perovskite solar cells to solve this problem, using MASnI₃, CsSnI₃ and CsSnBr₃ as the representative absorbers. This process enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 3.89%, 1.83% and 3.04% for MASnI₃, CsSnI₃ and CsSnBr₃ respectively. The reducing vapor atmosphere process results in more than 20% reduction of Sn⁴⁺/Sn²⁺ ratios, which leads to greatly suppressed carrier recombination, to a level comparable to their lead-based counterparts. These results mark an important step towards a deeper understanding of the intrinsic tin-based halide perovskite materials, paving the way to the realization of low-cost and lead-free Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001059

OSTI ID:: 1388144

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 2; Related Information: ANSER partners with Northwestern University (lead); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Yale University; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 362 works

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Realizing High Efficiency over 20% of Low‐Bandgap Pb–Sn‐Alloyed Perovskite Solar Cells by In Situ Reduction of Sn ⁴⁺ Jiang, Tingming; Chen, Zeng; Chen, Xu Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900467	journal	December 2019
Doping and Switchable Photovoltaic Effect in Lead-Free Perovskites Enabled by Metal Cation Transmutation Harikesh, Padinhare Cholakkal; Wu, Bo; Ghosh, Biplab Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802080	journal	July 2018
Convenient preparation of CsSnI ₃ quantum dots, excellent stability, and the highest performance of lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells so far Wang, Yangyang; Tu, Jin; Li, Tianhao Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10901j	journal	January 2019
Pathways toward high-performance inorganic perovskite solar cells: challenges and strategies Li, Bo; Fu, Lin; Li, Shuang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta04114a	journal	January 2019
The Role of Chloride Incorporation in Lead-Free 2D Perovskite (BA) ₂ SnI ₄ : Morphology, Photoluminescence, Phase Transition, and Charge Transport Wang, Jun; Shen, Hongzhi; Li, Wancai Advanced Science, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201802019	journal	January 2019
Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Tsai, Cheng-Min; Mohanta, Nayantara; Wang, Chi-Yung Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201707037	journal	September 2017
Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review Kour, Ravinder; Arya, Sandeep; Verma, Sonali Global Challenges, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900050	journal	July 2019
“Unleaded” Perovskites: Status Quo and Future Prospects of Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803230	journal	September 2018
Efficient and stable tin-based perovskite solar cells by introducing π-conjugated Lewis base Wu, Tianhao; Liu, Xiao; He, Xin Science China Chemistry, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9653-8	journal	December 2019
Metal Halide Perovskites: Synthesis, Ion Migration, and Application in Field-Effect Transistors Liu, Xuhai; Yu, Dejian; Song, Xiufeng Small, Vol. 14, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201801460	journal	July 2018
Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too? Liang, Lusheng; Gao, Peng Advanced Science, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201700331	journal	November 2017
Orientation Regulation of Tin‐Based Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites for Highly Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics Xu, Hongyu; Jiang, Yuanzhi; He, Tingwei Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201807696	journal	February 2019
Boosting the performance and stability of quasi-two-dimensional tin-based perovskite solar cells using the formamidinium thiocyanate additive Kim, Hongki; Lee, Yoon Ho; Lyu, Taecheon Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05916k	journal	January 2018
All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronics: Progress and Prospects Liang, Jia; Liu, Jie; Jin, Zhong Solar RRL, Vol. 1, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201700086	journal	August 2017
Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics Stroyuk, Oleksandr Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.207	journal	January 2018
Stability enhancement of lead‐free CsSnI ₃ perovskite photodetector with reductive ascorbic acid additive Cao, Fengren; Tian, Wei; Wang, Meng InfoMat, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/inf2.12074	journal	January 2020
A lead-free two-dimensional perovskite for a high-performance flexible photoconductor and a light-stimulated synaptic device Qian, Liu; Sun, Yilin; Wu, Mingmao Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00914g	journal	January 2018
A Cation‐Exchange Approach for the Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells Li, Fengzhu; Zhang, Chaoshen; Huang, Jin‐Hua Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201902418	journal	April 2019
Present Status and Research Prospects of Tin‐based Perovskite Solar Cells Hasan, Syed Azkar Ul; Lee, David S.; Im, Sang Hyuk Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900310	journal	August 2019
Antioxidant Grain Passivation for Air-Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Tai, Qidong; Guo, Xuyun; Tang, Guanqi Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201811539	journal	December 2018
All-inorganic lead-free perovskites for optoelectronic applications Wang, Xingtao; Zhang, Taiyang; Lou, Yongbing Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00611c	journal	January 2019
Slow surface passivation and crystal relaxation with additives to improve device performance and durability for tin-based perovskite solar cells Jokar, Efat; Chien, Cheng-Hsun; Fathi, Amir Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00956b	journal	January 2018
Lead‐Free Solar Cells based on Tin Halide Perovskite Films with High Coverage and Improved Aggregation Liu, Jiewei; Ozaki, Masashi; Yakumaru, Shinya Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201808385	journal	September 2018
Incorporation of a Redox-Active Bis(guanidine) in Low-Dimensional Tin and Lead Iodide Structures Herrmann, Hendrik; Walter, Petra; Kaifer, Elisabeth European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2017, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201701351	journal	November 2017
Tin(iv) dopant removal through anti-solvent engineering enabling tin based perovskite solar cells with high charge carrier mobilities Bandara, Rmi; Jayawardena, Kdgi; Adeyemo, Stephanie Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.40441	text	January 2019
Formation of Stable Tin Perovskites Co-crystallized with Three Halides for Carbon-Based Mesoscopic Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Tsai, Cheng-Min; Mohanta, Nayantara; Wang, Chi-Yung Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 129, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201707037	journal	September 2017
A Cation-Exchange Approach for the Fabrication of Efficient Methylammonium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells Li, Fengzhu; Zhang, Chaoshen; Huang, Jin-Hua Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201902418	journal	April 2019

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