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Fabrication of Self-Cleaning, Reusable Titania Templates for Nanometer and Micrometer Scale Protein Patterning

Journal Article · · ACS Nano
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [2]
  1. Univ. of Sheffield (United Kingdom); Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) (Republic of Singapore). Inst. of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
  2. Univ. of Sheffield (United Kingdom)
  3. Univ. of Sheffield, Western Bank (United Kingdom)
  4. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) (Republic of Singapore). Inst. of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
+ Show Author Affiliations
The photocatalytic self-cleaning characteristics of titania facilitate the fabrication of reuseable templates for protein nanopatterning. In this work, titania nanostructures were fabricated over square centimeter areas by interferometric lithography (IL) and nanoimprint lithography (NIL). With the use of a Lloyd’s mirror two-beam interferometer, self-assembled monolayers of alkylphosphonates adsorbed on the native oxide of a Ti film were patterned by photocatalytic nanolithography. In regions exposed to a maximum in the interferogram, the monolayer was removed by photocatalytic oxidation. In regions exposed to an intensity minimum, the monolayer remained intact. After exposure, the sample was etched in piranha solution to yield Ti nanostructures with widths as small as 30 nm. NIL was performed by using a silicon stamp to imprint a spin-cast film of titanium dioxide resin; after calcination and reactive ion etching, TiO2 nanopillars were formed. For both fabrication techniques, subsequent adsorption of an oligo(ethylene glycol) functionalized trichlorosilane yielded an entirely passive, protein-resistant surface. Near-UV exposure caused removal of this protein-resistant film from the titania regions by photocatalytic degradation, leaving the passivating silane film intact on the silicon dioxide regions. Proteins labeled with fluorescent dyes were adsorbed to the titanium dioxide regions, yielding nanopatterns with bright fluorescence. Subsequent near-UV irradiation of the samples removed the protein from the titanium dioxide nanostructures by photocatalytic degradation facilitating the adsorption of a different protein. The process was repeated multiple times. These simple methods appear to yield durable, reuseable samples that may be of value to laboratories that require nanostructured biological interfaces but do not have access to the infrastructure required for nanofabrication.
Research Organization:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC)
Sponsoring Organization:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); European Research Council (ERC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0001035
OSTI ID:
1385919
Journal Information:
ACS Nano, Journal Name: ACS Nano Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 9; ISSN 1936-0851
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (4)

A novel design strategy for nanoparticles on nanopatterns: interferometric lithographic patterning of Mms6 biotemplated magnetic nanoparticles journal January 2016
Superhydrophilic Coating Induced Temporary Conductivity for Low-Cost Coating and Patterning of Insulating Surfaces journal October 2016
Scanning Nanowelding Lithography for Rewritable One‐Step Patterning of Sub‐50 nm High‐Aspect‐Ratio Metal Nanostructures journal July 2018
Template mediated protein self-assembly as a valuable tool in regenerative therapy journal April 2018

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Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
bio-inspired
biofuels (including algae and biomass)
charge transport
interferometric lithography
membrane
nanofabrication
nanoimprint lithography
photocatalysis
photolithography
photosynthesis (natural and artificial)
protein arrays
solar (fuels)
synthesis (novel materials)
synthesis (self-assembly)
titania