Free Carrier Generation in Organic Photovoltaic Bulk Heterojunctions of Conjugated Polymers with Molecular Acceptors: Planar versus Spherical Acceptors

Nardes, Alexandre M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Wolfer, Pascal; Gui, Kurt; Burn, Paul L.; Meredith, Paul; Kopidakis, Nikos

doi:10.1002/cphc.201301022

Title: Free Carrier Generation in Organic Photovoltaic Bulk Heterojunctions of Conjugated Polymers with Molecular Acceptors: Planar versus Spherical Acceptors

Journal Article · Wed Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2014 · ChemPhysChem

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201301022· OSTI ID:1384408

Nardes, Alexandre M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Wolfer, Pascal; Gui, Kurt; Burn, Paul L.; Meredith, Paul; Kopidakis, Nikos

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEM)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

DOE Contract Number:: SC0001342

OSTI ID:: 1384408

Journal Information:: ChemPhysChem, Vol. 15, Issue 8; Related Information: MEEM partners with University of California, Los Angeles (lead); University of California, Berkeley; Eastern Washington University; University of Kansas; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; ISSN 1439-4235

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc Europe

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (73)

Polymer-Fullerene Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Brabec, Christoph J.; Gowrisanker, Srinivas; Halls, Jonathan J. M. Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200903697	journal	August 2010
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Large Open-Circuit Voltage: Electron Transfer with Small Donor-Acceptor Energy Offset Gong, Xiong; Tong, Minghong; Brunetti, Fulvio G. Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201003768	journal	March 2011
Mechanism of Mobile Charge Carrier Generation in Blends of Conjugated Polymers and Fullerenes: Significance of Charge Delocalization and Excess Free Energy Murthy, D. H. K.; Gao, M.; Vermeulen, M. J. W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3007014	journal	April 2012
Entropy of Charge Separation in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: The Benefit of Higher Dimensionality Gregg, Brian A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 24, p. 3013-3015 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz2012403	journal	November 2011
Influence of the Percolation Network Geometry on Electron Transport in Dye-Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Solar Cells Benkstein, K. D.; Kopidakis, N.; van de Lagemaat, J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp022681l	journal	July 2003
Fullerene derivative acceptors for high performance polymer solar cells He, Youjun; Li, Yongfang Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CP01178A	journal	January 2011
Photoexcitation Dynamics in Films of $C_{60}$ and Zn Phthalocyanine with a Layered Nanostructure Lane, Paul A.; Cunningham, Paul D.; Melinger, Joseph S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.077402	journal	February 2012
Dark Carriers, Trapping, and Activation Control of Carrier Recombination in Neat P3HT and P3HT:PCBM Blends Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Shaheen, Sean E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp208014v	journal	October 2011
Electrodeless time-resolved microwave conductivity study of charge-carrier photogeneration in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films Dicker, Gerald; de Haas, Matthijs P.; Siebbeles, Laurens D. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 70, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.70.045203	journal	July 2004
Prolonging Charge Separation in P3HT−SWNT Composites Using Highly Enriched Semiconducting Nanotubes Holt, Josh M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102753z	journal	November 2010
Bimolecular Recombination Coefficient as a Sensitive Testing Parameter for Low-Mobility Solar-Cell Materials Pivrikas, A.; Juška, G.; Mozer, A. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.176806	journal	May 2005
Factors Governing Intercalation of Fullerenes and Other Small Molecules Between the Side Chains of Semiconducting Polymers Used in Solar Cells Miller, Nichole Cates; Cho, Eunkyung; Gysel, Roman Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200392	journal	August 2012
Beyond PCBM: Understanding the Photovoltaic Performance of Blends of Indene-C ₆₀ Multiadducts with Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nardes, Alexandre M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Whitaker, James B. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200336	journal	June 2012
Temperature-Independent Charge Carrier Photogeneration in P3HT−PCBM Blends with Different Morphology Grzegorczyk, Wojciech J.; Savenije, Tom J.; Dykstra, Tieneke E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9119364	journal	March 2010
Frequency dependent mobility of charge carriers along polymer chains with finite length: Frequency dependent mobility of charge carriers along polymer chains Prins, P.; Grozema, F. C.; Schins, J. M. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 243, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200562719	journal	December 2005
Small-Molecule, Nonfullerene Acceptors for Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics Anthony, John E. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 3, p. 583-590 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm1023019	journal	February 2011
Effects of molecular interface modification in hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic cells Goh, Chiatzun; Scully, Shawn R.; McGehee, Michael D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 101, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2737977	journal	June 2007
Polythiophene:Perylene Diimide Solar Cells - the Impact of Alkyl-Substitution on the Photovoltaic Performance Kamm, Valentin; Battagliarin, Glauco; Howard, Ian A. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201000006	journal	January 2011
Polymer–Fullerene Composite Solar Cells Thompson, Barry C.; Fréchet, Jean M. J. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, Issue 1, p. 58-77 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200702506	journal	January 2008
Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells Clarke, Tracey M.; Durrant, James R. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 11, p. 6736-6767 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900271s	journal	November 2010
The Disperse Charge-Carrier Kinetics in Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Dicker, Gerald; de Haas, Matthijs P.; Warman, John M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp046853l	journal	November 2004
Photoinduced Charge Carrier Generation and Decay in Sequentially Deposited Polymer/Fullerene Layers: Bulk Heterojunction vs Planar Interface Nardes, Alexandre M.; Ayzner, Alexander L.; Hammond, Scott R. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp212390p	journal	March 2012
Post-fabrication annealing effects in polymer-nanotube photovoltaic cells Kymakis, E.; Koudoumas, E.; Franghiadakis, I. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 39, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/39/6/010	journal	March 2006
Studying Polymer/Fullerene Intermixing and Miscibility in Laterally Patterned Films with X-Ray Spectromicroscopy He, Xiaoxi; Collins, Brian A.; Watts, Benjamin Small, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201102382	journal	April 2012
Quantitative Transient Absorption Measurements of Polaron Yield and Absorption Coefficient in Neat Conjugated Polymers Reid, Obadiah G.; Rumbles, Garry The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz401142e	journal	June 2013
Exciton Diffusion Measurements in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Shaw, Paul E.; Ruseckas, Arvydas; Samuel, Ifor D. W. Advanced Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 18, p. 3516-3520 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200800982	journal	July 2008
Defect Engineering in π-Conjugated Polymers Liang, Ziqi; Nardes, Alexandre; Wang, Dong Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm902031n	journal	October 2009
Effect of nonideal statistics on electron diffusion in sensitized nanocrystalline $Ti O_{2}$ van de Lagemaat, Jao; Kopidakis, Nikos; Neale, Nathan R. Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.035304	journal	January 2005
Phenyl vs Alkyl Polythiophene: A Solar Cell Comparison Using a Vinazene Derivative as Acceptor Woo, Claire H.; Holcombe, Thomas W.; Unruh, David A. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 5, p. 1673-1679 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm903067a	journal	March 2010
Contactless Determination of the Photoconductivity Action Spectrum, Exciton Diffusion Length, and Charge Separation Efficiency in Polythiophene-Sensitized TiO ₂ Bilayers Kroeze, Jessica E.; Savenije, Tom J.; Vermeulen, Martien J. W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0217738	journal	August 2003
Polymer-Fulleren-Solarzellen Thompson, Barry C.; Fréchet, Jean M. J. Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200702506	journal	January 2008
Morphology of All-Solution-Processed “Bilayer” Organic Solar Cells Lee, Kwan H.; Schwenn, Paul E.; Smith, Arthur R. G. Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 6, p. 766-770 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201003545	journal	December 2010
Photoinduced Energy and Charge Transfer in P3HT:SWNT Composites Ferguson, Andrew J.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Holt, Josh M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz100768f	journal	July 2010
The Effect of Nanoparticle Shape on the Photocarrier Dynamics and Photovoltaic Device Performance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene):CdSe Nanoparticle Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Dayal, Smita; Reese, Matthew O.; Ferguson, Andrew J. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201000628	journal	July 2010
Time-of-Flight Studies of Electron-Collection Kinetics in Polymer:Fullerene Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Morfa, Anthony J.; Nardes, Alexandre M.; Shaheen, Sean E. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201100432	journal	May 2011
Measuring Domain Sizes and Compositional Heterogeneities in P3HT-PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Thin Films with 1H Spin Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Germack, David S. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201102138	journal	January 2012
Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells Huynh, W. U.; Dittmer, Janke J.; Alivisatos, A. Paul Science, Vol. 295, Issue 5564, p. 2425-2427 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1069156	journal	March 2002
Einstein relation for electron diffusion on arrays of weakly coupled quantum dots van de Lagemaat, Jao Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.235319	journal	December 2005
A Narrow Optical Gap Small Molecule Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells Fang, Yuan; Pandey, Ajay K.; Nardes, Alexandre M. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200372	journal	September 2012
Development of Dendrimers: Macromolecules for Use in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells Lo, Shih-Chun; Burn, Paul L. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 4, p. 1097-1116 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050136l	journal	April 2007
Thermally Stable, Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Nanoscale Control of the Interpenetrating Network Morphology Ma, W.; Yang, C.; Gong, X. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 10, p. 1617-1622 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500211	journal	October 2005
Bimolecular Crystals of Fullerenes in Conjugated Polymers and the Implications of Molecular Mixing for Solar Cells Mayer, A. C.; Toney, Michael F.; Scully, Shawn R. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200801684	journal	April 2009
Strain and HÃ¼ckel Aromaticity: Driving Forces for a Promising New Generation of Electron Acceptors in Organic Electronics Brunetti, F. âG.; Gong, X.; Tong, M. Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 122, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200905117	journal	January 2010
Perylene Imides for Organic Photovoltaics: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Li, Chen; Wonneberger, Henrike Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104447	journal	January 2012
Charge Photogeneration for a Series of Thiazolo-Thiazole Donor Polymers Blended with the Fullerene Electron Acceptors PCBM and ICBA Shoaee, Safa; Subramaniyan, Selvam; Xin, Hao Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201203148	journal	February 2013
Photoinduced Carrier Generation and Decay Dynamics in Intercalated and Non-intercalated Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions Rance, William L.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; McCarthy-Ward, Thomas ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn201251v	journal	June 2011
On the analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics by the method of least-squares Grinvald, Amiram; Steinberg, Izchak Z. Analytical Biochemistry, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(74)90312-1	journal	June 1974
Steric Control of the Donor/Acceptor Interface: Implications in Organic Photovoltaic Charge Generation Holcombe, Thomas W.; Norton, Joseph E.; Rivnay, Jonathan Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja203235z	journal	August 2011
Time-dependent mobility and recombination of the photoinduced charge carriers in conjugated polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells Mozer, A. J.; Dennler, G.; Sariciftci, N. S. Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.035217	journal	July 2005
Molecular Miscibility of Polymer−Fullerene Blends Collins, Brian A.; Gann, Eliot; Guignard, Lewis The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz101276h	journal	October 2010
A Small Molecule Non-fullerene Electron Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells Schwenn, Paul E.; Gui, Ke; Nardes, Alexandre M. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 1, p. 73-81 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201000024	journal	November 2010
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 41): Solar cell efficiency tables Green, Martin A.; Emery, Keith; Hishikawa, Yoshihiro Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2352	journal	December 2012
Excitonic Solar Cells Gregg, Brian A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 107, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp022507x	journal	May 2003
Identifying the optimum composition in organic solar cells comprising non-fullerene electron acceptors Wolfer, Pascal; Schwenn, Paul E.; Pandey, Ajay K. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta10554g	journal	January 2013
Processable Low-Bandgap Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications ^† Boudreault, Pierre-Luc T.; Najari, Ahmed; Leclerc, Mario Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm1021855	journal	February 2011
Strain and Hückel Aromaticity: Driving Forces for a Promising New Generation of Electron Acceptors in Organic Electronics Brunetti, F. G.; Gong, X.; Tong, M. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 49, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200905117	journal	December 2009
Signature of exciton annihilation in the photoconductance of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) Dicker, Gerald; de Haas, Matthijs P.; Siebbeles, Laurens D. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.155204	journal	April 2005
Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiencies of 2.5% using Benzothiadiazole/Imide-Based Acceptors Bloking, Jason T.; Han, Xu; Higgs, Andrew T. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 24, p. 5484-5490 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm203111k	journal	December 2011
Dopant density determination in disordered organic field-effect transistors Meijer, E. J.; Detcheverry, C.; Baesjou, P. J. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1559933	journal	April 2003
Comparing organic to inorganic photovoltaic cells: Theory, experiment, and simulation Gregg, Brian A.; Hanna, Mark C. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1544413	journal	March 2003
Solution processable low bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based derivatives: novel acceptors for organic solar cells Sonar, Prashant; Ng, Ging-Meng; Lin, Ting Ting Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/b924404b	journal	January 2010
A New Model for the Morphology of P3HT/PCBM Organic Photovoltaics from Small-Angle Neutron Scattering: Rivers and Streams Yin, Wen; Dadmun, Mark ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 6, p. 4756-4768 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn200744q	journal	May 2011
Determining exciton bandwidth and film microstructure in polythiophene films using linear absorption spectroscopy Clark, Jenny; Chang, Jui-Fen; Spano, Frank C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 16, Article No. 163306 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3110904	journal	April 2009
Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes. I. General Theory and Simple Applications to Magnetic and Conduction Problems Kubo, Ryogo Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.12.570	journal	June 1957
N-Type Conjugated Materials Based on 2-Vinyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazoles and Their Use in Solar Cells Shin, Richard Yee Cheong; Kietzke, Thomas; Sudhakar, Sundarraj Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm070144d	journal	April 2007
The influence of solid-state microstructure on the origin and yield of long-lived photogenerated charge in neat semiconducting polymers Reid, Obadiah G.; Malik, Jennifer A. Nekuda; Latini, Gianluca Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.22379	journal	October 2011
The phase behavior of a polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction system that contains bimolecular crystals Miller, Nichole Cates; Gysel, Roman; Miller, Chad E. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.22214	journal	February 2011
Binary Organic Photovoltaic Blends: A Simple Rationale for Optimum Compositions Müller, Christian; Ferenczi, Toby A. M.; Campoy-Quiles, Mariano Advanced Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200800963	journal	August 2008
Use of X-Ray Diffraction, Molecular Simulations, and Spectroscopy to Determine the Molecular Packing in a Polymer-Fullerene Bimolecular Crystal Miller, Nichole Cates; Cho, Eunkyung; Junk, Matthias J. N. Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201202293	journal	September 2012
Quenching of Excitons by Holes in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Shaheen, Sean E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 112, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp7113412	journal	May 2008
Photoinduced Charge Carrier Generation in a Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Methanofullerene Bulk Heterojunction Investigated by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy ^† Ai, Xin; Beard, Matthew C.; Knutsen, Kelly P. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp065212i	journal	December 2006
A flexible n-type organic semiconductor for optoelectronics Gui, Ke; Mutkins, Karyn; Schwenn, Paul E. Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 5, p. 1800-1806 https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM14089B	journal	January 2012
Effect of Molecular Weight on the Structure and Morphology of Oriented Thin Films of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Grown by Directional Epitaxial Solidification Brinkmann, M.; Rannou, P. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200600673	journal	January 2007

Similar Records

Free Carrier Generation in Organic Photovoltaic Bulk Heterojunctions of Conjugated Polymers with Molecular Acceptors: Planar vs. Spherical Acceptors

Journal Article · Wed Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2014 · ChemPhysChem · OSTI ID:1384408

Nardes, Alexandre M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Wolfer, Pascal; +4 more

Free Carrier Generation in Organic Photovoltaic Bulk Heterojunctions of Conjugated Polymers with Molecular Acceptors: Planar versus Spherical Acceptors

Journal Article · Wed Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2014 · ChemPhysChem · OSTI ID:1384408

Nardes, Alexandre M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Wolfer, Pascal; +4 more

Photoinduced Charge Carrier Generation and Decay in Sequentially Deposited Polymer/Fullerene Layers: Bulk Heterojunction vs Planar Interface

Journal Article · Tue Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1384408

Nardes, Alexandre M.; Ayzner, Alexander L.; Hammond, Scott R.; +3 more

Related Subjects

solar (photovoltaic)
energy storage (including batteries and capacitors)
charge transport
membrane
materials and chemistry by design
synthesis (novel materials)
synthesis (self-assembly)
synthesis (scalable processing)

Title: Free Carrier Generation in Organic Photovoltaic Bulk Heterojunctions of Conjugated Polymers with Molecular Acceptors: Planar versus Spherical Acceptors

Citation Formats

References (73)

Similar Records

Related Subjects