Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Bienfait, A.; Pla, J. J.; Kubo, Y.; Stern, M.; Zhou, X.; Lo, C. C.; Weis, C. D.; Schenkel, T.; Thewalt, M. L.  W.; Vion, D.; Esteve, D.; Julsgaard, B.; Mølmer, K.; Morton, J. J.  L.; Bertet, P.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.282

Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Journal Article · Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Nature Nanotechnology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.282· OSTI ID:1379135

Bienfait, A. ^[1]; Pla, J. J. ^[2]; ^[1]; Stern, M. ^[3]; Zhou, X. ^[4]; Lo, C. C. ^[2]; Weis, C. D. ^[5]; Schenkel, T. ^[5]; Thewalt, M. L. W. ^[6]; Vion, D. ^[1]; Esteve, D. ^[1]; Julsgaard, B. ^[7]; Mølmer, K. ^[7]; Morton, J. J. L. ^[2]; Bertet, P. ^[1]

Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNR
University College London (United Kingdom). London Centre for Nanotechnology
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNR; Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan (Israel). Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, BINA
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNR; Institute of Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology. ISEN Department
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby (British Columbia). Department of Physics
Aarhus University (Denmark). Department of Physics and Astronomy

The detection and characterization of paramagnetic species by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is widely used throughout chemistry, biology and materials science, from in vivo imaging to distance measurements in spin-labelled proteins. ESR relies on the inductive detection of microwave signals emitted by the spins into a coupled microwave resonator during their Larmor precession. However, such signals can be very small, prohibiting the application of ESR at the nanoscale (for example, at the single-cell level or on individual nanoparticles). Here in this work, using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality-factor superconducting microresonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly four orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1,700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise ratio, reduced to 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance. In conclusion, the detection volume of our resonator is ~0.02nl, and our approach can be readily scaled down further to improve sensitivity, providing a new versatile toolbox for ESR at the nanoscale.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1379135

Journal Information:: Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Name: Nature Nanotechnology Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 11; ISSN 1748-3387

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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