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Title: Structural Basis of Detection and Signaling of DNA Single-Strand Breaks by Human PARP-1

Journal Article · · Molecular Cell

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a key eukaryotic stress sensor that responds in seconds to DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), the most frequent genomic damage. A burst of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis initiates DNA damage response, whereas PARP-1 inhibition kills BRCA-deficient tumor cells selectively, providing the first anti-cancer therapy based on synthetic lethality. However, the mechanism underlying PARP-1’s function remained obscure; inherent dynamics of SSBs and PARP-1’s multi-domain architecture hindered structural studies. Here we reveal the structural basis of SSB detection and how multi-domain folding underlies the allosteric switch that determines PARP-1’s signaling response. Two flexibly linked N-terminal zinc fingers recognize the extreme deformability of SSBs and drive co-operative, stepwise self-assembly of remaining PARP-1 domains to control the activity of the C-terminal catalytic domain. Automodifcation in cis explains the subsequent release of monomeric PARP-1 from DNA, allowing repair and replication to proceed. Finally, our results provide a molecular framework for understanding PARP inhibitor action and, more generally, allosteric control of dynamic, multi-domain proteins.

Research Organization:
Thomas Jefferson Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1378282
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1344495
Journal Information:
Molecular Cell, Journal Name: Molecular Cell Vol. 60 Journal Issue: 5; ISSN 1097-2765
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 172 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Cited By (34)

Forced Self-Modification Assays as a Strategy to Screen MonoPARP Enzymes journal December 2019
Rev1 is a base excision repair enzyme with 5′-deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity journal September 2016
Bcl-2 protects TK6 cells against hydroquinone-induced apoptosis through PARP-1 cytoplasm translocation and stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential: Bcl-2 Protects TK6 Cells Against Hydroquinone-Induced Apoptosis journal August 2017
Increased PARP1-DNA binding due to autoPARylation inhibition of PARP1 on DNA rather than PARP1-DNA trapping is correlated with PARP1 inhibitor's cytotoxicity: PARP1-DNA binding and PARPi's cytotoxicity journal January 2019
Targeting DNA repair in cancer: current state and novel approaches journal October 2019
PARP Inhibition in Cancer: An Update on Clinical Development journal October 2019
RANBP9 affects cancer cells response to genotoxic stress and its overexpression is associated with worse response to platinum in NSCLC patients journal August 2018
NAD+ analog reveals PARP-1 substrate-blocking mechanism and allosteric communication from catalytic center to DNA-binding domains journal February 2018
Genome-wide and high-density CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify point mutations in PARP1 causing PARP inhibitor resistance journal May 2018
Emerging roles of eraser enzymes in the dynamic control of protein ADP-ribosylation journal March 2019
The beginning of the end for conventional RECIST — novel therapies require novel imaging approaches journal February 2019
ADP-ribosylation and intracellular traffic: an emerging role for PARP enzymes journal February 2019
PARPs in genome stability and signal transduction: implications for cancer therapy journal November 2018
Caspase-7 uses RNA to enhance proteolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and other RNA-binding proteins journal October 2019
Chronic fatigue and immune deficiency syndrome (CFIDS), cellular metabolism, and ionizing radiation: a review of contemporary scientific literature and suggested directions for future research journal January 2018
Mechanistic insight into the role of Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in DNA topology modulation and response to DNA damage journal November 2019
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases covalently modify strand break termini in DNA fragments in vitro journal July 2016
Fluorescent sensors of PARP-1 structural dynamics and allosteric regulation in response to DNA damage journal August 2016
PARP1 changes from three-dimensional DNA damage searching to one-dimensional diffusion after auto-PARylation or in the presence of APE1 journal November 2017
Characterization of DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of PARP2 and PARP3: new insights into DNA ADP-ribosylation journal January 2018
APE2 promotes DNA damage response pathway from a single-strand break journal January 2018
APE1 senses DNA single-strand breaks for repair and signaling journal December 2019
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by PARP1: reaction mechanism and regulatory proteins journal February 2019
PARPs and ADP-ribosylation: recent advances linking molecular functions to biological outcomes journal January 2017
The PARP family: insights into functional aspects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cell growth and survival journal June 2016
Reversible mono-ADP-ribosylation of DNA breaks journal November 2017
PARP inhibitors: Synthetic lethality in the clinic journal March 2017
Structural basis for allosteric PARP-1 retention on DNA breaks journal April 2020
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity journal December 2018
Protein–Protein Interactions in DNA Base Excision Repair journal April 2018
Prospects for combining immune checkpoint blockade with PARP inhibition journal September 2019
Unanchored tri‐NEDD8 inhibits PARP‐1 to protect from oxidative stress‐induced cell death journal February 2019
ADP-ribosylation: from molecular mechanisms to human disease journal January 2020
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Plants and Their Human Counterparts: Parallels and Peculiarities journal April 2019

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