Using 81Kr and noble gases to characterize and date groundwater and brines in the Baltic Artesian Basin on the one-million-year timescale

Gerber, Christoph; Vaikmae, Rein; Aeschbach, Werner; Babre, Alise; Jiang, Wei; Leuenberger, Markus; Lu, Zheng -Tian; Mokrik, Robert; Muller, Peter; Raidla, Valle; Saks, Tomas; Waber, H. Niklaus; Weissbach, Therese; Zappala, Jake C.; Purtschert, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.01.033

Title: Using ⁸¹Kr and noble gases to characterize and date groundwater and brines in the Baltic Artesian Basin on the one-million-year timescale

Journal Article · Tue Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.01.033· OSTI ID:1377069

Gerber, Christoph ^[1]; Vaikmae, Rein ^[2]; Aeschbach, Werner ^[3]; Babre, Alise ^[4]; Jiang, Wei ^[5]; Leuenberger, Markus ^[1]; Lu, Zheng -Tian ^[6]; Mokrik, Robert ^[7]; Muller, Peter ^[8]; Raidla, Valle ^[2]; Saks, Tomas ^[4]; Waber, H. Niklaus ^[1]; Weissbach, Therese ^[3]; Zappala, Jake C. ^[9]; Purtschert, Roland ^[1]

Univ. of Bern, Bern (Switzerland)
Tallinn Univ. of Technology, Tallinn (Estonia)
Univ. of Heidelberg, Heidelberg (Germany)
Univ. of Latvia, Riga (Latvia)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); The Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States); The Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China)
Vilnius Univ., Vilnius (Lithuania)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)

Analyses for ⁸¹Kr and noble gases on groundwater from the deepest aquifer system of the Baltic Artesian Basin (BAB) were performed to determine groundwater ages and uncover the flow dynamics of the system on a timescale of several hundred thousand years. We find that the system is controlled by mixing of three distinct water masses: Interglacial or recent meteoric water (δ¹⁸O ≈ –10.4‰) with a poorly evolved chemical and noble gas signature, glacial meltwater (δ¹⁸O ≤ –18‰) with elevated noble gas concentrations, and an old, high-salinity brine component (δ¹⁸O ≥ –4.5‰, ≥ 90 g Cl^–/L) with strongly depleted atmospheric noble gas concentrations. The ⁸¹Kr measurements are interpreted within this mixing framework to estimate the age of the end-members. Deconvoluted ⁸¹Kr ages range from 300 ka to 1.3 Ma for interglacial or recent meteoric water and glacial meltwater. For the brine component, ages exceed the dating range of the ATTA-3 instrument of 1.3 Ma. The radiogenic noble gas components ⁴He* and ⁴⁰Ar* are less conclusive but also support an age of > 1 Ma for the brine. Based on the chemical and noble gas concentrations and the dating results, we conclude that the brine originates from evaporated seawater that has been modified by later water–rock interaction. Furthermore, as the obtained tracer ages cover several glacial cycles, we discuss the impact of the glacial cycles on flow patterns in the studied aquifer system.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1377069

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1415306

Journal Information:: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 205, Issue C; ISSN 0016-7037

Publisher:: The Geochemical Society; The Meteoritical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 47 works

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES
Brine
Cambrian-Vendian aquifer system
Degassing
Environmental tracers
Glacial meltwater
Groundwater dating
Krypton-81
Mixing analysis
Paleoclimate

Title: Using 81Kr and noble gases to characterize and date groundwater and brines in the Baltic Artesian Basin on the one-million-year timescale

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Title: Using ⁸¹Kr and noble gases to characterize and date groundwater and brines in the Baltic Artesian Basin on the one-million-year timescale