Production of heavy sterile neutrinos from vector boson decay at electroweak temperatures

Lello, Louis; Boyanovsky, Daniel; Pisarski, Robert D.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.95.043524

Title: Production of heavy sterile neutrinos from vector boson decay at electroweak temperatures

Journal Article · Wed Feb 22 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.95.043524· OSTI ID:1376093

Lello, Louis ^[1]; Boyanovsky, Daniel ^[2]; Pisarski, Robert D. ^[3]

Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Department of Physics
Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Department of Physics and RIKEN/BNL Research Center

Here, in the standard model extended with a seesaw mass matrix, we study the production of sterile neutrinos from the decay of vector bosons at temperatures near the masses of the electroweak bosons. We derive a general quantum kinetic equation for the production of sterile neutrinos and their effective mixing angles, which is applicable over a wide range of temperature, to all orders in interactions of the standard model and to leading order in a small mixing angle for the neutrinos. We emphasize the relation between the production rate and Landau damping at one-loop order and show that production rates and effective mixing angles depend sensitively upon the neutrino’s helicity. Sterile neutrinos with positive helicity interact more weakly with the medium than those with negative helicity, and their effective mixing angle is not modified significantly. Negative helicity states couple more strongly to the vector bosons, but their mixing angle is strongly suppressed by the medium. Consequently, if the mass of the sterile neutrino is ≲ 8.35 MeV , there are fewer states with negative helicity produced than those with positive helicity. There is an Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein-type resonance in the absence of lepton asymmetry, but due to screening by the damping rate, the production rate is not enhanced. Sterile neutrinos with negative helicity freeze out at T$$-\atop{f}$$ ≃ 5 GeV , whereas positive helicity neutrinos freeze out at T$$+\atop{f}$$≃ 8 GeV , with both distributions far from thermal. As the temperature decreases, due to competition between a decreasing production rate and an increasing mixing angle, the distribution function for states with negative helicity is broader in momentum and hotter than that for those with positive helicity. Sterile neutrinos produced via vector boson decay do not satisfy the abundance, lifetime, and cosmological constraints to be the sole dark matter component in the Universe. Massive sterile neutrinos produced via vector boson decay might solve the ⁷Li problem, albeit at the very edge of the possible parameter space. A heavy sterile neutrino with a mass of a few MeV could decay into light sterile neutrinos, of a few keV in mass, that contribute to warm dark matter. In conclusion, we argue that heavy sterile neutrinos with lifetime ≤1/H₀ reach local thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Under Secretary for Science (S-4); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; AC05-06OR23100

OSTI ID:: 1376093

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1344607

Report Number(s):: BNL-113877-2017-JA; R&D Project: KB0301020; KB0301020

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Vol. 95, Issue 4; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 13 works

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