Lithium metal protected by atomic layer deposition metal oxide for high performance anodes

Chen, Lin; Connell, Justin G.; Nie, Anmin; Huang, Zhennan; Zavadil, Kevin R.; Klavetter, Kyle C.; Yuan, Yifei; Sharifi-Asl, Soroosh; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza; Libera, Joseph A.; Mane, Anil U.; Elam, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.1039/C7TA03116E

Title: Lithium metal protected by atomic layer deposition metal oxide for high performance anodes

Journal Article · Fri May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03116E· OSTI ID:1374715

Chen, Lin ^[1]; Connell, Justin G. ^[2]; Nie, Anmin ^[3]; Huang, Zhennan ^[4]; Zavadil, Kevin R. ^[5]; Klavetter, Kyle C. ^[5];

^[4]; Sharifi-Asl, Soroosh ^[4]; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza ^[4]; Libera, Joseph A. ^[6]; Mane, Anil U. ^[7];

^[6]

Illinois Inst. of Technology, Chicago, IL (United States). Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Energy System Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research and Materials Science Division
Shanghai University (China). Shanghai University Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Materials Genome Institute
Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States). Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research; Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Energy System Division
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Energy System Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research

We present that lithium metal is a highly desirable anode material for lithium batteries due to its extremely high theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g^-1), low potential (-3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode), and low density (0.534 g cm^-3). However, dendrite growth during cycling and low coulombic efficiency, resulting in safety hazards and fast battery fading, are huge barriers to commercialization. Herein, we used atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare conformal, ultrathin aluminum oxide coatings on lithium. We investigated the growth mechanism during Al₂O₃ ALD on lithium by in situ quartz crystal microbalance and found larger growth than expected during the initial cycles. We also discovered that the ALD Al₂O₃ enhances the wettability of the Li surface towards both carbonate and ether electrolytes, leading to uniform and dense SEI formation and reduced electrolyte consumption during battery operation. Scanning electron microscopy verified that the bare Li surfaces become rough and dendritic after electrochemical cycling, whereas the ALD Al₂O₃ coated Li surfaces remain smooth and uniform. Analysis of the Li surfaces after cycling using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ALD Al₂O₃ coating remains intact during electrochemical cycling, and that Li ions diffuse through the coating and deposit on the underlying Li. Coin cell testing demonstrated more than two times longer cycling life for the ALD Al₂O₃ protected Li, and a coulombic efficiency as high as ~98% at a practical current rate of 1 mA cm^-2. More significantly, when the electrolyte volume was reduced from 20 to 5 μL, the stabilizing effect of the ALD coating became even more pronounced and the cycling life was around four times longer. Finally, these results indicate that ALD Al₂O₃ coatings are a promising strategy to stabilize Li anodes for high performance energy storage devices such as Li–S batteries.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1374715

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Vol. 5, Issue 24; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 140 works

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